Using Complexity Theory Methods for Sociological Theory Development - With a Case Study on Socio-Technical Transitions

Abstract

During the last few decades the interest in Complexity Theory (CT) methods in sociology has increased, partly as a result of the increased complexity in sociological theory and partly of that these methods have become more powerful and accessible. However, despite this increased interest, the application of CT-methods still holds a peripheral existence within mainstream sociology. Based on a review of the contemporary discussion regarding computer-based modeling in sociology, it is argued that the reasons for this include a strong focus in the distinction between social and natural systems as well as a lack of connections from CT-models to existing theories. As an alternative to this, the application of more abstract models with the explicit purpose of theory development is suggested to complement traditional sociological methods. Ways of connecting models to theories to enable such theory development are proposed. This discussion is exemplified in a case study with the purpose of further developing the theoretical framework Multi-Level Perspective (MPL), which describes socio-technical transitions in society. The case study consists of an Agent-based Model that analyzes the result of consumer network structure on the strength of product lock-ins, finding that increased globalization may leas to stronger lock-ins and thus making transitions to sustainable products more difficult. Based on the conclusions on this article, it is suggested that integrating CT-methods into the sociological inquiry may provide fresh and deep insights and open up new areas of research.