Creating Optical Activity: Total Spontaneous Resolution and Viedma Ripening

Abstract

The creation of optical activity has been considered as something impossible even though reports of such creation via total spontaneous resolution since the 1940´s have been published. More recently Viedma ripening have been developed that also produce enantiopure bulk product. Both methods are examples of absolute asymmetric synthesis i.e. the synthesis of optically active product from non-optically active starting materials, catalysts or auxiliaries. In this work twenty-four new compounds have been synthesized, isolated and characterized with X-ray diffraction. Out of these have eleven been found to crystallize as conglomerates as chiral enantiopure crystals which are optically active. The discovered conglomerates have been analyzed with solid state techniques as circular dichroism (CD) and vibrational circular dichroism(VCD). For the moderately labile [Ru(PS)2Cl2], [Ru(dmso)2(NS)Cl2 and [Ru(dmso)2(SS)Cl2] have the chirality been fixated by oxidizing the ligand in solution to the corresponding sulfoxide. For the highly labile Co(bpy)32 the chirality has been fixated by oxidizing the metal from cobalt(II), solvent free in the solid state, to the inert cobalt (III) with bromine vapor or solid iodine. The optical activity of the inert complexes has been analyzed with solution techniques such as CD, HPLC and ORD. The optical activity of the complexes [Mo(CO)4PS] and [W(CO)4PS] have been analyzed with solid state VCD with less than tenth of a milligram sample and high-quality spectra have been obtained in 20 minutes. Total spontaneous resolution has been achieved with the compounds [Ru(PS)2Cl2], [Ru(dmso)2(NS)Cl2, [Ru(dmso)2(SS)Cl2] and Ag(PS)2 in good yield and high ee. Viedma ripening has been demonstrated for the complexes Ag(PS)2, [Mo(CO)4PS], [W(CO)4PS] and [Cu(mtp)2(NO3)2]. Viedma ripening has been found to be viable for the production of large quantities of optically pure metal complex.