Accessing nature – a study on objective and individually perceived accessibility to parks in Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate both calculated and individually perceived accessibility to two parks and an outdoor recreation area in the Gothenburg metropolitan area. This was achieved by employing service area analyses in GIS to assess potential accessibility to each study area, and by conducting interviews at the same locations to determine the perceived accessibility for a group of respondents. The thesis further investigates the disparities between these measures and their impacts on travel behavior and attitudes. As such, calculated metrics provide insights into physical accessibility, while individual perceptions wield significant influence over travel decisions. Yet, discrepancies between perceived and objective accessibility underscore the necessity of considering both viewpoints in transportation and urban planning. Various factors, including proximity, safety, time constraints and terrain, shape perceptions, thereby affecting mode choice and trip frequency. The study suggest that car ownership widens travel options, while parental preferences often prioritize car travel for families. Neighborhood dynamics also play a role, with some individuals preferring cycling or walking despite the availability of public transport. Respondents tend to visit areas perceived as accessible more frequently, but they also emphasize a preference for locations with specific amenities. Additionally, longer trip lengths are associated with extended activity durations, highlighting the importance of local amenities. Although there are exceptions, acknowledging and addressing these differences can offer insights into their impact on specific societal groups. Future research endeavors could delve into understanding how elderly or low-income individuals perceive park accessibility compared to others, paving the way for further exploration.