Effects of Economic Freedom on Growth and the Environment - Implications for Cross-Country Analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of specific economic freedom categories on both economic growth and the environment, and present some important considerations for cross-country regressions. First, there is a survey of arguments for positive as well as negative effects of economic liberalization. Measurement problems are then considered followed by a number of model specification issues. Sensitivity tests and potential econometric problems are also discussed. The main conclusion is that decomposition is important since different economic freedoms can be expected to have different effects on growth and the environment, and are dependent on different interacting factors. The theoretical insights have a crucial role when it comes to selecting what empirical issues to take into account since there is a limit to the number of issues possible to consider. Due to the complexity of the links, a lot of effort should also be devoted to sensitivity tests.