Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neuroaxonal damage: Comparing and analysing quantification with two analytical assays
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Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neuroaxonal damage: Comparing and analysing quantification with two analytical assays Degree Project in Medicine, Jennifer Ask, 2019 Supervisor: Prof. Henrik Zetterberg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy of Gothenburg. Co Supervisors: Dr. Amanda Heslegrave & PhD. Claire Leckey, UCL Institute of Neurology Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, London, UK Introduction: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a potential biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood for neuroaxonal degeneration. Many studies have examined its concentration in various neurodegenerative diseases but its turnover in CSF has not been established. To prepare for stable isotope labelling kinetics (SILK) experiments, with which turnover can be examined, a Mass spectrometry-based quantification method for NfL would be needed. Aim: To confirm quantification of NfL concentration in CSF and serum using two different assays and as a substudy, to develop a targeted proteomic assay to detect NFL in CSF using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods: The study population contains 36 paired samples in CSF and serum collected from patients under investigation for neurodegenerative diseases, at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg. In Gothenburg, CSF NFL was measured using an in-house ELISA. In London, CSF and serum concentrations of NfL were analysed using the Single Molecular Array (Simoa) technique. In a sub study, pilot experiments to develop an LC-MS/MS-based method for NfL were performed. The assay was developed to detect tryptic peptides of NfL, which are likely to be detected and will be appropriate for Stable Isotope Labeling Kinetics (SILK) in future clinical UCL-SILK studies. Result: CSF NfL measured at UCL in London strongly correlated with CSF NfL previously measured in Gothenburg (Spearman Rho=0.86, p< .001). In addition, correlation between serum NfL and CSF NfL was highly significant (Spearman Rho =0.76, p < 0.001). Development of a method to detect NfL in CSF by LC-MS/MS was started and optimisation is on-going. Conclusions: In conclusion, this master thesis showed correlations in CSF concentrations of NFL detected by two different laboratories and using two different assays. Furthermore, quantifying NFL in serum and CSF as an indicator of potential biomarker for neuroaxonal damage gave similar results that were highly correlated. NfL in different populations will be a useful tool to develop targeted screening tools and monitor disease activity in the future. There are still unanswered questions concerning the turnover and function of the protein. However, potential development of a LC-MS/MS platform for using SILK as a tool for investigate the turnover in the protein NfL in vivo will be an important step forward for the field.