Fever in infants below 2 months of age: clinical management and outcome
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Title: Fever in infants below 2 months of age: clinical management and outcome Degree Project in Medicine, Programme in Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden 2019. Author: Michelle Bäckman Smith, medical student. Supervisor: Kristina Elfving, MD. Introduction: Fever in the young infant is a common reason for guardians bringing their newborn child to the emergency room. Neonates have a particularly high risk of developing serious bacterial infections (SBI) but classical signs or symptoms are often lacking. This has led to some controversy regarding management, testing and optimal treatment, i.e choosing between treating all or using clinical and laboratory parameters to decide on antibiotic treatment. Aim: To describe management and physician compliance to existing guidelines of febrile young infants aged 60 days attending the pediatric emergency department (PED). Method: Retrospective observational study based on medical records from patients 60 days of age with fever being their main reason for visiting the PED at The Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital in Gothenburg between 1st of January 2015 and 31st of December 2017. Results: Of 625 infants included in the study 299 (47.8%) were hospitalized. 184 (29.4%) received antibiotics at initial approach, 44.6% in the 0-30 days of age group. 152 (24.3%) had a blood culture done and 86 (13.8%) infants had a lumbar puncture taken, 28.4% in the 0-30-day age group. In total, 10.6% (66/625) of all patients had an SBI. Majority (79%) had a pyelonephritis without an invasive bacterial infection. Leukocyturia was present in 54/65 (83%) of patients with an SBI in comparison with 71/457 (16%) that did not have an SBI (p=0.001). Two infants died. Conclusion: Outcome for febrile infants at the PED in Gothenburg is favorable although more restricted management. A low frequency of lumbar punctures, antibiotic treatment and admission rate amongst the youngest infants and in the overall group was observed.