The effect of storage conditions on the preanalytical stability of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in whole blood samples
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Background: To combat the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mass-scale antibody testing is occurring. It is important that test results are accurate, yet varying preanalytical storage conditions could potentially influence antibody stability, resulting in false titer values. Aim: This study primarily aims to investigate the effects of the preanalytical storage conditions of time, temperature, and collection tube type on Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody stability in order to allow for accurate interpretation of measured titer values. Additionally, it aims to determine if there is a correlation between titers and disease severity. Method: Participants with previously confirmed or suspected COVID-19 completed a questionnaire regarding their symptoms. An initial T0 blood sample was collected and analyzed. Additional samples were collected in two pairs of serum and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes and stored in either room temperature or 4°C. Aliquots were removed and analyzed on days 1, 3, and 5. Resulting titer values were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. 2 Results: Fifteen participants were included. A slight titer decrease over time was observed in both serum and EDTA groups but was only significant in the EDTA group (room temperature p=0.050, 4°C p=0.018). The average decrease in the EDTA groups was 5.0AU/mL in room temperature and 4.5 AU/mL in 4°C. A significant correlation between T1, T3, T5, and T0 was observed in all groups with high r-values ranging from 0.883 – 0.995. No correlation was found between T0 titers and disease severity. Conclusion: Titers in both serum and EDTA groups remained stable over time with no dramatic decreases regardless of storage conditions and can therefore be accurately interpreted. The slight antibody instability observed in the EDTA groups was minimal and considered clinically irrelevant but more research needs to be conducted to further investigate the results.