Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Associations between CSF biomarkers, clinical symptoms and outcome after shunt surgery
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INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a neurological disorder with reversible symptoms including gait and balance disturbance, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence. Shunt surgery improves up to 80% of the patients but comes with certain risks. Prediction of the surgical outcome is to this date not possible although needed. Biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been identified for diagnostic differentiation, but not confirmed as reliable predictive factors of the surgical outcome. Deeper understanding for the role of biomarkers regarding the overall symptomatology as well as potential reversibility of the disease is needed. AIM: We aimed to explore possible associations between CSF levels of Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, sAPPα, sAPPβ, T-tau, P-tau, MCP-1 and NFL, and the overall symptomatology in INPH patients, and to evaluate whether these biomarkers could predict the outcome after shunt surgery. METHODS: This explorative retrospective study included 82 patients diagnosed, examined and operated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg. Clinical variables were assessed using the INPH-scale and levels of Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, sAPPα, sAPPβ, T-tau, P-tau, MCP-1 and NFL were analyzed from pre-operative lumbar CSF. Correlation and regression analyses between the biomarker levels and the overall symptom burden before surgery and the degree of improvement after surgery, were performed. RESULTS: Increased levels of P-tau were significantly correlated to less improvement as measured by the difference between the overall symptom burden before and after shunt surgery (p=0.021, r2=0.067). Other significant and/or strong correlations between the biomarker levels and the overall symptom burden before surgery or the degree of improvement could not be concluded. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we could not conclude that any of the biomarkers could act as reliable predictive factors for neither disease progress nor the level of possible improvement after surgical treatment. P-tau alone had the strongest potential in predicting the surgical outcome.