Method development for the determination of 210Pb by liquid scintillation counting
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Purpose: This thesis aimed to develop a method for the chemical separation of 210Pb from water and solid samples to determine activity concentration using liquid scintillation counter (LSC). Method: A series of trials were made to establish a cost-effective method, including configuring the LSC (Hidex 300SL, Hidex Oy, Finland) for optimal performance and to explore various chemical methods for the extraction and yield determination of 210Pb. The main LSC variables explored were different software settings, scintillation vial materials and different scintillation cocktail with varying volume in relation to the sample. The chemical separation was evaluated by using a solution with high concentration of interfering natural radionuclides, and was validated by analyzing reference samples from IAEA proficiency tests. Once the method was validated, seafood samples were analyzed to estimate the dose from ingestion of 210Pb. Yield determination was tested by gravimetry. Results: The method was able to remove most interfering radionuclides such as Rn, U and Ra. The differences in vial material were small but choice of scintillation cocktail was more prevalent. Especially the comparison of Goldstar and Prosafe Rn/AB. The applied method resulted in good agreement for both water and solid samples. The committed effective dose from 210Pb intake associated with consuming 5 kg of canned tuna over one year was estimated to be 27.6 ± 2.1 μSv. Discussion and conclusion: A time and cost-effective method has been successfully developed for the sample matrices fish and water. The method can detect activities of 210Pb in the scintillation vial as low as 0.2 Bq, and can concentrate and detect 210Pb in water samples with activities concentrations as low as 0.8 Bq/kg for measurement times of 450 minutes. The radiation dose from the analyzed seafood was relatively small compared to other contribution such as background radiation. However, 210Pb results in the in-growth of 210Po which has much higher dose impact, and this radionuclide was not included in this preliminary estimation. Furthermore, the total preparation time is less than six hours for both water and fish samples where multiple samples can be prepared simultaneously.