Svenskt pensionssystem i dynamisk utveckling - en longitudinell studie om den allmänna pensionens anpassning till dynamisk förändring

Abstract

Sweden was one of the first countries in the world, year 1913, that established a pension system with intention to prevent poverty after a life in labour force participation. After a few pension reforms by integration to societal changes there is an actual challenge to provide the pension system of both financial stability and sustainability. This study has actualized the pension system’s financial performance by demographic transformations, with both increasing population and proportion of elderly. From a theoretical perspective demographic structure and composition can relatively easy be adjusted by limitations, which is not implementable in a Swedish democratic society. The study’s contribution is hence to provide research-based facts, to gather national economic theory with assumptions about a simplified reality to substantiated evidence with secondary data on empirical reality. The Swedish pension system is detached from the state’s budget, which is gradually linked together with the automatic balancing to income development with the pension deposits. Negative fee nets in recent decades have signaled a need for evolution of this system, otherwise it will overhaul the payments or cause long-term erosion. Previous studies have presented theoretical simulations about what is most optimal to implement and what can give the biggest effect. With a political connection a law has entered into force, 2020 and 2023, to raise the lower and upper age limit with the aim of strengthening finances and encouraging extended labour force participation. The following, according to directive from the government by integration into the average life expectancy, the future upcoming age should be governing future regulations for the Swedish pension system.