Navigating the Future: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Solid Waste Management in Africa, with a Comparative Analysis of Nigeria, Kenya and Rwanda

Abstract

Solid waste management (SWM) is a very crucial issue in Africa, aggravated by rise in population, rapid urbanization, change in consumer behavior and limited infrastructure. Though some African countries are experiencing progress with innovative waste management plans, they are continually confronted with challenges like limitted data, inadequate funding, poor public involvement. This study aims to explore and analyze innovative waste management strategies in Rwanda, Kenya and Nigeria. Using a comparative analysis review, it explores the policies, innovations, challenges and opportunities within these countries and suggests a way forward for sustainable waste management in these countries and throughout the nations of Africa. This research has made use of research reports, journals and articles from Web of Science, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and other reputable sources. The results demonstrate Rwanda’s remarkable efforts, influenced by powerful governmental and community involvement, including a nation wide ban on plastic bags and the implementation of smart waste management systems. It also shows how Kenya is making use of artificial intelligence and progress in e-waste management which places emphasis on solutions that are technology-driven. Nigeria on the other hand is delving into circular economy business models for effective management of waste and economic growth. This study demonstrates best practices, difficulties and opportunities for enhancing SWM in Africa, giving key insights for policy makers and stakeholders.