Socioeconomic Status and Glycaemic Variability in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Baseline Analysis of the GP-OSMOTIC Study
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ntroduction WHO has estimated that 422 million people have diabetes worldwide, of which approximately 90% have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glycaemic management is central in diabetes care. HbA1c is the gold-standard to assess long-term hyperglycaemia. HbA1c has been linked to diabetes-related complications, such as cardiovascular disease. Additionally, HbA1c levels has been shown to be inversely associated with socioeconomic status (SES). Research has suggested that glycaemic variability (GV), short-term fluctuations in blood glucose, is a risk factor of diabetes-related complications independent of HbA1c. However, the relationship between SES and GV has not been explored. Aim To explore the relationship between GV and SES in people with T2D attending general practice in Victoria, Australia. Methods This secondary analysis used baseline data from the General Practice Optimised Structured MOnitoring To Improve Clinical outcomes (GP-OSMOTIC) trial. The analysis included 279 people with T2D. GV was quantified by coefficient of variation (CV), calculated using readings 2 from continuous glucose monitors. SES was measured by educational attainment and Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) deciles. An increase in IRSD decile inidicates lower levels of disadvantage. Multivariable mixed-effects linear regressions controlling for covariates were performed to explore the relationship between GV and SES. Results The mean (SD) CV in the study population was 30.0% (8.3) and 57 (20.4%) participants experienced high GV (defined as CV≥36%). The median (interquartile range) IRSD decile was 5 (2, 7). The educational attainment was similar to the Victorian population, based on the Australian census. No associations were found between CV and educational attainment/IRSD decile. Conclusions In contrast to the proven associations between HbA1c and SES, this study did not show any links beween SES and GV. This is the first study exploring this relationship. The evidence is still insufficient and more studies need to be conducted to completely evaulate this possible association.