Behavioral and neurophysiological transformations elicited by repeated amphetamine exposure in Wistar rats
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Background: Substance use disorder is a chronically relapsing brain disease, causing substantial mortality and morbidity world-wide. Currently, there is no efficacious treatment for substance use disorder. Elucidating the neural underpinnings of substance use disorder can aid in defining new targets for pharmacological treatment. Objective: To investigate behavioral and neural changes following repeated amphetamine exposure and two weeks of abstinence. Methods: An experimental study in the Wistar rat. Assessment of behavioral sensitization in the locomotor activity box. Assessment of risk-taking behavior in elevated plus maze. Lastly, electrophysiological recordings of basolateral amygdala, nucleus accumbens shell and medial prefrontal cortex were performed. Results: Five days of amphetamine-exposure is sufficient to induce behavioral sensitization, this coincided with an increase in time spent in center-zone. After two weeks of withdrawal, we saw no change in time spent in closed arms but a decrease in entries into the closed arms in the amphetamine-treated animals. Electrophysiological field potential recordings showed reduced evoked potential strength in basolateral amygdala (BLA), which was reversed by GABAA-receptor antagonist bicuculline, as well as an increased disinhibition during GABAA-receptor antagonist bicuculline perfusion. Synaptic output from the nucleus accumbens or medial prefrontal cortex were not significantly modulated by treatment. Conclusion: Repeated exposure to amphetamine produces sustained neuroadaptations in GABAergic signaling in brain regions associated with emotions, which could promote risk-taking behavior during drug abstinence.