ECG patterns, cardiovascular aspects and clinical outcomes among Covid-19 patients at Sahlgrenska University Hospital
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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a viral infectious disease classified as a pandemic since March 2020. Severity of disease varies from asymptomatic to need of treatment at intensive care unit (ICU) and death. Covid-19 is primarily a respiratory disease but can cause complications in several organs, including cardiovascular (CV) complications. Aim: To investigate how specific ECG-changes, symptoms, lab values and comorbidities correlate to severity of Covid-19-disease. Methods: This is an observational cohort study of medical database information including 238 patients treated at Sahlgrenska University hospital between March and May 2020 with confirmed Covid-19 disease and available ECG at admission. Patients were divided into 2 groups; patients that needed treatment at ICU or died in-hospital (ICU/death) and patients who were not in need of ICU treatment and survived (not ICU/death). Results: No specific ECG-alteration was associated with a higher risk of ICU/death, although presence of any ECG-abnormality (OR 2.1, p-value 0.007) showed an increased risk of severe disease. Also, patients with male sex (OR 2.0, p-value 0.028), increased CRP (OR 1.01, pvalue< 0.001), dyspnea (OR 2.6, p-value 0.002) pulmonary rales (OR 1.8, p-value 0.031), low saturation (OR 0.84, p-value <0.001) and high viral load (OR 0.94, p-value 0.024) showed a significantly increased risk of ICU/death. Medication with beta-blockers (34% vs 20%, pvalue 0.01) and Warfarin (5% vs 0-7%. p-value 0.04) was more common in the ICU/death group, but the groups did not differ significantly regarding comorbidities or age. Conclusions: ECG-alterations was associated with need of ICU treatment and death, which might indicate that viral engagement of the CV system leads to an increased risk of severe disease. The most prominent risk factors for need of ICU treatment or death in this study were lung engagement together with lab values of elevated CRP/TNT/Creatinine and high viral load in patients.