Land Certification and International Migration: Evidence from Mexico

Abstract

In this paper we ask whether there is a relationship between property rights and international migration. In order to identify the impact of property rights, we consider a country-wide land certi cation program, which took place in Mexico throughout the 1990s, and complemented the 1992 Agrarian Law. Our identi ca- tion strategy exploits the timing of the program and the heterogeneity in farmers eligibility into the program. We nd that the change in de facto property rights is associated with a 9-16 percent increase in the likelihood of having a member abroad. The program explains a small but relevant share of the increase in migration to the United States which Mexico experienced throughout the 1990s. In this respect, we add to the current debate on the causes of Mexican migration (Hanson 2006, Hanson and McIntosh 2009, Hanson and McIntosh forthcoming).