Sex Differences in Long-term Prognosis, Extent of Myocardial Dysfunction and Acute Ischemic Heart Failure after ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction
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Background: Previous studies have shown that women fare worse after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the short term but that female sex is not associated with a worse long-term prognosis. Whether the short-term prognostic difference in part can be explained by a greater tendency to myocardial stunning in women is unknown. Aim: To explore sex differences in long-term prognosis in patients with first-time STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to investigate how acute ischemic heart failure (AIHF) contributes to short- and long-term prognosis, as well as how the extent of contractile dysfunction contributes to the development of AIHF in women versus men. Methods: 960 study patients (26% women) with first-time STEMI admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital were collected through Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). Echocardiographic data was reviewed in a subgroup of study patients (N=166). Killip class on admission, and percentage akinesia and percentage akinesia and hypokinesia was analyzed as independent variables in multiple logistic regression analysis for the outcomes AIHF and death, respectively. Results: Women had a higher crude risk of death within 72 hours and within 1 year compared to men, but female sex was not an independent predictor of death within 1 year in 3multivariable analysis (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.602-2.07, p=0.725). AIHF predicted death similarly in both sexes. Women were found to have higher percentage left ventricular akinesia compared to men, but percentage akinesia and hypokinesia was found to be a significant predictor of AIHF only in men. Conclusions: Women had more widespread contractile dysfunction compared to men, but female sex was not associated with a worse long-term outcome. This could suggest that there is a greater tendency to myocardial stunning in women. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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