Business Motivations within an Energy Ecosystem - A Qualitative Analysis of a V2G-integrated Virtual Power Plant applied to Parking Facilities

Abstract

This paper aims to address the knowledge gap in defining the tasks of the business entities and their motivations to participate in an innovative ecosystem with diverse actors. The study is based on the tentative concept of a V2G-integrated VPP ecosystem applied to parking facilities, explored through a collaboration with Volvo Cars Corporation. The increasing energy consumption and the vulnerability of the power grid call for transformative solutions. An innovation widely accepted as an ecosystem that can tackle the challenges is a virtual power plant in combination with vehicle-to-grid technology. It is an early-stage ecosystem that entails uncertainties, complexities, and ambiguities and is not yet adopted in society. We investigated the complexities of this ecosystem using a qualitative research approach, by conducting eight interviews with representatives from distinct business entities. The study highlights the dynamic and evolving nature of the V2G-integrated VPP ecosystem, where traditional roles are expanding, and new business models are emerging. The participation of each entity is driven by a combination of social, economic, and strategic motivations, underscoring the multifaceted benefits of such collaborations. A successful implementation of V2G-integrated VPPs in parking facilities will require robust partnerships, standardization efforts, and a clear understanding of each entity's role and motivations.