Clinical outcome of postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in advanced nonseminomatous germ cell tumors
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Background: Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) which have not responded adequately to chemotherapy requires subsequent surgical removal of the residual tumor (post chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, PC-RPLND). Following PC-RPLND about 40% of the patients present fibrosis/necrosis in the final pathology report. Yet no truly satisfactory model is available to select patients where PC-RPLND treatment would improve prognosis. Objectives: To evaluate perioperative and long-term clinical outcome of PC-RPLNDs performed between 2004-01-01 and 2017-12-13 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and to analyze predicting factors for final pathology. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on patients who underwent PC-RPLND at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between the years 2004 and 2017. χ² test was used to analyze associations between tumor shrinkage and final pathology results. Results: A total of 114 procedures were performed of which 85 were eligible for analysis. After a median follow up time of 6.8 years, 81 (95.3%) patients were alive. A total of 4 (4.7%) patients had died, 3 (3.5%) of which due to NSGCT. Regarding the safety of the procedure, 5 (5.9%) patients experienced complication grade IIIa (Clavien-Dindo classification). Six (7.1%) patients suffered from relapse of which 3 (3.5%) subsequently died as mentioned above. In the final pathology report, 37 (43.5%) displayed fibrosis/necrosis 40 (47.1%) teratoma and 8 (9.4%) viable cancer. Tumor shrinkage of ≥50% was associated with fibrosis/necrosis at PC-RPLND. Conclusions: Perioperative complications were low, with only 5 Clavien-Dindo IIIa complications. With greater shrinkage levels after chemotherapy, the probability of finding fibrosis/necrosis in the residual mass increased. However, a substantial proportion of patients with the greatest tumor size decrease would still benefit from the procedure.