BIODIVERSITY AS CONDITIONALITY IN EUROPEAN UNION TRADE A qualitative content analysis of trade agreements

Abstract

This thesis explores the intricate relationship between biodiversity and trade within the context of European Union (EU) trade agreements. While the EU is committed to combating biodiversity loss, its pursuit of trade presents a unique challenge. The thesis addresses the gap in research by employing an inductive qualitative content analysis of trade agreements to examine the inclusion of biodiversity clauses. The central inquiry revolves around the formulation and implementation of biodiversity clauses in EU trade agreements. With a focus on the theoretical framework of Conditionality, the research aims to broaden understanding in European Studies concerning the EU's role in the global arena. Answering the research question of “How are biodiversity clauses included in EU trade agreements?”, the findings reveal that although there is a trend of increasing inclusion of biodiversity clauses over time, economic disparities between the EU and its trading partners do not seem to play a role in that matter. Hence, this study sheds new light on how the EU navigates the integration of non-trade values into its trade agreements, offering insights into the evolving dynamics of international trade and biodiversity conservation.