How is Pain Acceptance related to Interoceptive Awareness?
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Abstract Title: How is Pain Acceptance related to Interoceptive Awareness? Author: Jessica Fagerkvist Supervisor: Graciela Rovner Year: 2019 Institution: ACT-Institutet Sweden, Karolinska Institutet Location: Gothenburg, Sweden ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons for patients to seek medical consultation. Due to the lack of effective conservative or symptomatic treatments, behavioral strategies such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) are being incorporated in Rehabilitation Medicine. ACT focuses on increasing the capacity to change behavioral responses to pain by improving three therapeutic processes that will impact the openness, engagement and awareness. Awareness facilitates the access to, and interpretation of bodily signals by potentiating interoceptive awareness (IA), and it is less examined. IA is measured by the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) and ends up with eight subscales. Pain acceptance (PA) consisting of activity engagement (AE) and pain willingness (PW) is known to promote functioning and stands for the ability to engage in meaningful activities despite the presence of pain. When combining AE with PW, four profiles of PA behaviors are identified; representing different ways of handling pain and thus indicates differential needs of treatment. The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8) measures PA. Aim To examine whether different profiles of PA demonstrate different levels of IA. Methods 176 patients with chronic pain, referred to a pain specialist rehabilitation clinic, completed two questionnaires measuring IA and PA. Four behavioral profiles of PA were created using the CPAQ-8 questionnaire. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to examine differences in IA in each profile. Results Significant differences were seen in six out of eight of the MAIA-subscales in the four PA profiles (noticing, not distracting, not worrying, emotional awareness, self regulation and trusting). Conclusion These findings indicate that there is a relation between levels of IA and different patterns of PA, bringing purpose to the further examination of using and developing customized treatments for chronic pain according to these behavioral aspects.