Adrenal Incidentaloma: Clinical Assessment of 483 Patients between 2014-2018.
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Abstract Introduction: Adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is defined as a mass or lesion in the adrenal glands that is discovered incidentally by an imaging modality performed for reasons unrelated to the adrenals. Worldwide, AI is detected in up to 5% of patients who undergo an abdominal CT. In the West Gotaland County in Sweden, AI was found in 4.5% of all abdominal CT performed between 2002-2004. Once AI is detected, further investigations should be performed to see if the lesion is benign or malignant and if the lesion overproduces adrenal hormones. Aim: The aim of this study was to see how common AI is in the modern era and to describe its characteristics as well as its management in the healthcare system. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg. Clinical, radiological, biochemical and histopathological data of all AI referred to the departments of endocrinology and endocrine surgery, between the years 2014 to 2018, were reviewed. Results: A total of 483 patients had an AI, 289 (60%) women and 194 (40%) men. The median age was 69 years (range 70; IQR 17). The AI was detected by a CT-scan in 456 (94%) and 340 (70%) were followed-up with additional imaging. Four hundred fifty-seven (95%) patients underwent biochemical screening. Benign and inactive lesions were detected in 431 (89%) cases. Malignant tumours were found in 14 (3%) patients; 8 (1.7%) adrenal metastases, 4 (0.8%) adrenocortical carcinoma and 2 (0.4%) primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma. Hormonally active tumours were found in 38 (8%) patients; 21 (4.3%) pheochromocytoma, 13 (2.7%) primary aldosteronism and 4 (0.8%) hypercortisolism. Adrenalectomy was performed in 54 (11%) cases. Conclusion: The clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics show that AIs are in most cases benign and inactive lesions, that do not require any medical or surgical treatment, and excess follow-up should be avoided. However, a small but significant amount of the lesions are either hormone-producing or malignant tumours that need thorough management and treatment.