Utilizing 3D cultures to study the role of fibroblastlike synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple joints in the body, characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of cartilaginous structures. The key effector of the disease is activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes, (FLS), cells that are found in the synovium of diarthrodial joints. As a response to proinflammatory cytokines, cellproliferation, production of inflammatory cytokines and degrading enzymes occurs to a greater extent than in healthy individuals causing damage to the joints. Aim: To evaluate if FLS from patients with RA differs regarding growth, gene expression and response to stimulation with cytokines, such as Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa) and Amphiregulin (AREG) compared to fibroblast-like synoviocytes from healthy individuals after being cultured in 3D. Methods: This study processes 12 primary cell lines of FLS, collected from synovial tissue from healthy individuals and patients with RA. The cells were cultured in 3D and stimulated with TNFa, AREG, a combination of both, or left unstimulated. Extraction of mRNA and generation of cDNA was performed to be able to do qPCR to study the expression of different genes as well as histological differences. Results: Results showing for examples increased gene expression of EGFR in HC-FLS (healthy control) after stimulated with TNFa, together with increased gene expression of MMP3 after stimulated with TNFa in RA-FLS, which both are involved in key events in pathogenesis of the disease. Conclusion: 3D-cultures of FLS, is affected by TNFa and AREG by promotion of expansion, increased expression of degrading enzymes and increased proliferation of cells. TNFa promotes an aggressive phenotype of FLS.