Enhanced retention of protein damage during ageing
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Age can be reset in many different cell types through asymmetric cell division. During such a division, retention of aging factors in one cell allows the rejuvenation of the other. In unicellular organisms, it can provide a competitive advantage for the rejuvenated cell. In multicellular organisms, it is critical for maintenance of a stem cell lineage. Segregation of damage to the cell committed to differentiation can promote survival of the stem cell lineage, thereby allowing for long-term regenerative capacity of tissues that are critical to the organism’s survival. Asymmetric segregation of damaged proteins requires function of several cellular systems, many of which have been identified and characterized in the asymmetrically dividing (budding) yeast, S. cerevisiae, including the components of the actin cytoskeleton, protein quality control machinery, and intracellular trafficking. Each gene studied in singularity adds another jigsaw-piece of the big picture that is a complex cellular machinery of intertwining pathways. Mutations in these cellular components generally result in reduced asymmetry and often decreased cellular lifespan. In this study, we focused on one uncharacterized asymmetry generating gene, YMR074C, and the results indicated a decreased asymmetric segregation phenotype when knocked-out. Protein aggregates were quantified after exposure to heat-shock and Hsp104-GFP was used to localize these aggregates. Results confirmed its involvement in asymmetric protein segregation during mitosis. Moreover, mutants with enhanced asymmetry have been less characterized, and the additional purpose of this study was to identify an unknown mutation in a yeast strain that displayed such enhanced capabilities. To accomplish this, a reverse PCR strategy was implemented, intending to amplify the nucleotide sequence up- and downstream from a known resistance marker thought to be linked to the mutation, thus revealing the affected locus. However, this strategy was unsuccessful and we could not locate the mutations responsible for the enhanced segregation phenotype.