Reactive gliosis and the effect on Aquaporin-4 distribution within astrocytes – an experimental study on ischemic stroke
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Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability all over the world and is often accompanied by cerebral edema. Astrocytes are one of the most abundant cells in the central nervous system and have a major role in acute stress management. Astrocytes responding to injury or disease is referred to as reactive (astro)gliosis. Aquaporin-4 is a water-channel protein mostly located in the vascular astrocyte endfeet, involved in the cerebral water-balance and the formation of cerebral edema. The intracellular distribution of Aquaporin-4 is altered in ischemic stroke and the mechanism behind this is not yet fully understood. Aim: The primary purpose of this study is to assess whether the intracellular distribution of Aquaporin-4 is altered when reactive gliosis is attenuated in ischemic stroke. Methods: An experimental preclinical study on nine wild-type mice and seven mice with attenuated reactive gliosis assessed four weeks after photothrombotic stroke induction. Double immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed with markers for Aquaporin-4 and Podocalyxin to visualise blood-vessels. Images was captured by Confocal microscopy and analysed in Image J using intensity plotting and colocalization. Results: The results of this study showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in Aquaporin-4 distribution between wild-type mice and mice with attenuated reactive gliosis. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that reactive gliosis might have a limited impact on Aquaporin-4 intracellular distribution four weeks after ischemic stroke, at least in the cerebral cortex.