Penetrating Pediatric trauma; how physiological parameters and management of children differs from an adult population
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Background: There is a growing need for knowledge to manage children with penetrating trauma as securely and correctly as adults. Firstly, pediatric vital parameters are age-specific and therefore differ from the adults. Secondly, children have higher physiological compensatory mechanisms, which means that the clinical picture of shock varies with age. The severity of trauma can be measured anatomically with Injury Severity Score (ISS). Aim: The primary purpose of this study is to identify how pediatric physiological parameters differ from an adult population, and its potential correlation to death and ISS, when suffering from penetrating trauma. Evaluation of pediatric management was also of interest. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, with information accessed from a Trauma-registry at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, in Durban, South Africa. The pediatric population consists of 33 patients within the ages ≥0- ≤15 years and an adult population of 40 patients within ages ≥24-≤45 years. All patients have suffered from penetrating trauma. Information regarding the type of penetrating trauma, physiological parameters at arrival, ISS, management, survival and gender and age of the patients was collected. Results: Fifty-eight percent of the pediatric population was male, compared with the adult population (100%). The adults were solely injured through gunshot wounds and stabbings, whereas the children were injured in varied ways. The children had, in general, 8 units lower ISS than the adults. Hypotension correlated to an increasing ISS. Children were rarely, but successfully, managed conservative. Conclusions: The children were not as severely injured as the adults, but tended to have worse vital signs. Larger study populations are required to determine what other parameters than hypotension that correlates to increasing injury severity. This study confirms the ambiguous nature of the pediatric trauma patient making its assessment a challenge.