Health-related quality of life in children screened for celiac disease: a pilot study at a pediatric outpatient clinic
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Background: Celiac Disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy that affects some 2-3% of Swedish children. Due to diffuse or subclinical symptoms, many remain undiagnosed. Screening for CD is currently not recommended due to a lack of evidence of its beneficial effects. Aim: The primary aim was to describe potential differences in health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in children screened for CD. A secondary objective was to compare the participant's HrQoL according to age and sex. Methods: This study was part of a pilot screening project for CD conducted at the pediatric outpatient clinic in Hisingen, Gothenburg, between November 2019 and March 2020. A total of 496 children were enrolled, out of which 469 children were screened for CD-specific transglutaminase autoantibodies, and 11 received positive screening results. The validated generic questionnaire Kidscreen-27 was administered to all children at study enrollment. Children with positive screening results were compared to children with negative screening results. The children's HrQoL measurements were also compared based on age and sex. Results: No significant differences in HrQoL were observed in children with positive screening than children with negative screening. No major differences in HrQoL were observed according to sex. Boys scored significantly higher than the girls in the subdimension Physical wellbeing (P-value 0.035). Children under the age of eight years scored significantly higher in total raw score (P-value 0.043) as well as the subdimensions; School Environment (P-value 0.0006) and Physical wellbeing (P-value <0.0001) as compared to older participants. Conclusion: Using the Kidscreen-27 questionnaire, we found similar HrQoL in children with versus without serological evidence of CD, which may suggest that undetected CD does not significantly impact the HrQoL. However, we cannot rule out that the lack of such association is due to limited statistical power or the use of a generic HrQoL questionnaire, unable to capture CD-specific components of health.
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