Klivare i våldets tjänst - Professionella perspektiv på unga i våldsuppdrag

Abstract

Aims and objectives: The aim of this study is to get a deeper understanding of klivare, a phenomenon of juvenile offenders who commit violent acts of crime of behalf of criminal networks. The study focuses on what motivates juveniles to participate, the mechanisms that enables recruitment of these young offenders, and how to prevent future recruitment. Method and data: This study is based on qualitative research design by using semi structured interviews with ten different professionals who, through their work, have specific knowledge of the phenomenon. The informants include a police officer, social workers, politicians, journalist, and a jail nurse. Thematic analysis was used to categorize the empirical material and to find emerging themes. The findings where then interpreted by using the theoretical framework of Routine Activity Theory and Victim-offender overlap, while the recruitment process can be explained with the concepts of Crime-as-a-Service, and Violence as-a-Service. Results: The findings show that klivare are understood more so as vulnerable and exploited than as perpetrators. The recruitment occurs in social environments where you would normally find youth, and is mainly enabled by the absence of capable guardians. The study highlights how violence can be bought, distributed and outsourced by criminal networks. Furthermore, the results show how the combination of structural and institutional factors, and the goal of attaining an unrealistic lifestyle enhances the complexion of this social problem that is klivare.