GUPEA

Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive

GUPEA is a platform for e-publishing of theses, student essays and other research publications.

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  • DEBATTEN OM DEN HÖGA REPRESENTANTEN I BOSNIEN OCH HERCEGOVINA En kvalitativ argumentationsanalys kring den Höga representanten i Bosnien och Hercegovina
    (2026-02-09) Argentzell, Isac; Göteborgs universitet/Statsvetenskapliga institutionen; University of Gothenburg/Department of Political Science
    The aim of this thesis is to investigate the evolution of the debate surrounding the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina (OHR) in the light of the country’s recently granted candidate status to the EU, when asking how has the debate about OHR’s existence developed in the UN Security Council since Bosnia and Herzegovina gained canidate status to the EU? The thesis is investigating the debate within the timeframe of year 2014 to 2025. This study is using a qualitative argumentation analysis to compare the rhetoric before and after Bosnia and Herzegovina gained candidate status to the EU. The thesis is using the theory of Normative Power Europe (NPE) to understand the OHR as an instrument for the diffusion of European norms and as an actor behind implementing conditionality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, subsequently influencing the debate. The analysis shows a transformation in the debate around the OHR. The debate has become more centred around the individual High Representative when comparing the year 2014 with the years of 2022, 2024 and 2025. The critics of the OHR have increased their criticism towards the legitimacy of the OHR and the focus on arguments surrounding sovereignty issues have increased.
  • Analyzing Poverty Dynamics through Time Series: A Wavelet Transform Approach
    (2026-02-09) Solska, Klaudia; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för data- och informationsteknik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Computer Science and Engineering
    Reducing global poverty is a central goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), requiring timely, high-resolution data to monitor socioeconomic changesespecially in low- and middle-income countries where traditional survey data is sparse. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and Earth observation (EO) data have enabled new approaches to poverty estimation. However, many existing models rely on aggregated annual or multi-year imagery, overlooking intra-annual variation that is particularly relevant in agriculturally driven economies. This study explores the potential of integrating intra-annual vegetation dynamics captured through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with annual multi-spectral data to enhance poverty prediction. An unsupervised approach using wavelet transforms is proposed to summarize temporal NDVI signals, allowing models to retain essential seasonal patterns while reducing dimensionality and noise. Experiments were conducted in a simulated environment using nighttime light intensity as a proxy for wealth, and further evaluated against the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) dataset across Africa. The results show that incorporating selected wavelet-derived NDVI features significantly improves model accuracy over baseline methods, even in the presence of missing data. These findings highlight the critical role of intra-annual temporal information and demonstrate the value of wavelet-based summarization for scalable, robust poverty estimation using satellite imagery
  • Formalising a 1-categorical zigzag construction - A method for constructing the path spaces of pushouts formalised in the Lean proof assistant
    (2026-02-09) Peng, Edwin; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för data- och informationsteknik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Computer Science and Engineering
    In homotopy type theory, which provides a synthetic foundation for mathematics by unifying type theory and homotopy theory, pushouts are fundamental for gluing spaces together. The path spaces of pushouts, which not only give insight to the truncation levels of a pushout, contain interesting structure. A construction of this space, the zigzag construction, has been formulated by Wärn and such a construction is well-suited for a formalisation effort in a proof assistant such as Lean to verify its correctness and provide further insight into its components. This thesis presents a 1-categorical zigzag construction based on Wärn’s formulation in (∞,1)-categories by constructing a number of 2-categorical pullbacks and showing a number of adjunctions between them. Some elementary category-theoretic results missing in Mathlib4, the main library for mathematics in Lean, are also formalised, notably the infrastructure around sequential colimits and special cases of 2-categorical limits and their properties.
  • Relationship between flaky tests and requirements
    (2026-02-09) Ammad, Iqra; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för data- och informationsteknik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Computer Science and Engineering
    Flaky tests produce inconsistent results without code changes, representing a significant challenge in software development by undermining developer confidence and delaying continuous integration processes [33]. Despite their recognized impact on software quality assurance, the relationship between requirements quality and test instability remains underexplored in industrial contexts. This study investigates how industry practitioners perceive the relationship between requirements quality and flaky tests and identifies specific requirements quality attributes that most significantly contribute to this problem, providing evidence-based guidelines to mitigate these issues. A mixed-methods approach was employed by combining quantitative survey data from 74 industrial practitioners with qualitative semi-structured interviews from eight professionals across diverse domains, including automotive, banking, healthcare, and software development. The findings establish flaky tests as a widespread phenomenon, with 80% of practitioners reporting regular encounters with test flakiness in their projects. The study reveals a notable awareness practice gap: while 80% of practitioners recognize that requirement completeness frequently impacts test stability, only 56% consistently consult requirements during flaky test investigations. This selective behavior reflects sophisticated contextual reasoning rather than a lack of knowledge, with practitioners strategically assessing when requirements-related factors are likely contributors versus when technical diagnostics are more appropriate. The critical requirements quality attributes emerge as contributors to test flakiness: completeness deficiencies (including unspecified timeout durations affecting 77% of practitioners, missing acceptance criteria at 61%, and incomplete data specifications at 62%), and ambiguity issues (especially unclear success and failure conditions reported by 65%). The research identifies timing specifications as a critical blind spot in current requirements practices, often treated as implementation details rather than explicit requirements, leading to cascading effects where independent timing assumptions by developers and testers create environment sensitive test behavior. The study demonstrates significant domain-specific variation in the requirements-flakiness relationship, with practitioners reporting varying levels of requirements related contributions across different sectors. Structured domains with formal processes (banking, healthcare) show lower requirements related flakiness, while less regulated environments experience higher impacts. This contextual dependency reflects how organizational processes, regulatory constraints, and system criticality mediate the impact of requirements quality on test stability. Based on empirical findings, the research presents evidence-based guidelines organized around fundamental requirements quality attributes to systematically reduce requirements related test flakiness. These guidelines provide systematic approaches for organizations to reduce requirements-related test flakiness through targeted interventions addressing the identified quality gaps. The study establishes requirements quality as a measurable contributor to software system reliability, with practitioners estimating that 21-60% of flaky tests originate from requirements related issues, deserving systematic attention alongside traditional technical factors in software quality assurance efforts.
  • Benchmarking Framework - Evaluating Corpora Search Systems Using a Spectrum of Complex Search Queries
    (2026-02-09) Tatrous, Adell; Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för data- och informationsteknik; University of Gothenburg/Department of Computer Science and Engineering
    This thesis presents a benchmark designed to evaluate corpora search systems in digital humanities, focusing on handling complex search queries. By analyzing usergenerated queries from Korp server logs, the research examines various query structures and computational challenges. The study develops a two-level abstraction process to simplify query patterns, enabling clustering and feature extraction techniques. The Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) algorithm is used to segment queries into clusters representing different user behaviors. The performance of these clusters is evaluated by executing queries on selected corpora using Corpus Workbench (CWB), with execution times as the main metric. The results indicate variability in query execution efficiency, influenced by corpus size and query complexity. To improve benchmark clarity, clusters with similar structures were grouped to create a more focused evaluation framework. The findings show how query complexity and data volume affect system performance, highlighting the importance of scalability in corpora search systems. This benchmark provides a framework for evaluating the performance of corpora search systems in digital humanities, contributing to the development of digital research tools in this field.