Upplysning, rollspel eller lagstiftning? ANT-undervisningens utveckling 1962-1994
Abstract
The use of alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco have all long been considered health hazards, especially among children and teenagers. It is therefor not surprising to find that schools have promoted against the use of these substances in different preventative programs for many decades, and the Swedish school system is no exception. However, the use of, as well as the laws restricting alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco are, and have historically been, highly political issues. Individuals, groups, institutions, and states may all have different opinions on how these substances should be regulated and of their place in society, which in turn may lead to conflicts of values and different approaches. One can not expect parents or guardians to share the views on alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco policy presented by schools, laws or state regulations. This, in turn, makes the preventative work in schools a difficult subject which must navigate different ideas, values, and opinions while adhering to the guidelines set by curricula and the regulations set by law. By examining curricula and accompanying supplements released in Sweden between 1962 and 1994, this paper will study how the preventative work against alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco has evolved. Using a method for descriptive idea and ideological analysis, I will examine how the work has evolved, how the supplements adhere to the ideas of different curricula, how different conflicts are navigated and compare the work against alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco in schools with that of laws and regulations.
The results show that Sweden has followed the international trend in regards to the preventative alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco education. From a heavy focus on providing students with information to a social model which emphasize student experience and confidence. This is in line with the development of school curricula during the period, which has gone from valuing information-based education and fostering responsible citizens to a more democratic way of teaching, which in turn aims to strengthen democratic values in students. Some conflicts that can occur with the preventative work are discussed by the curricula and supplements, mainly the different values connected to alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco that parents or guardians may have, as well has the ideas and values transmitted by mass-media. These conflicts were, in the earlier curricula and supplements, imagined to be resolved by an emphasis on communication between the school and students’ homes, and by making sure the information on alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco were scientific and un-biased. The later curricula and supplements again follow a more democratic approach, where these different views are part of the work and students are encouraged to reflect on different opinions and where they stem from. In regard to laws and regulations, Sweden have followed a trend of stricter regulations, especially apparent in the tobacco-law of 1993 where smoking was restricted in workplaces and schools. The preventative work in schools, on the other hand, has followed the process of de-centralization which the the school-system has undergone in the late 20th century, where more and more of the responsibility and organization of the preventative work has fallen on the shoulders of local school-leaders and municipalities.
Degree
Student essay
View/ Open
Date
2024-08-06Author
Bergman, Adrian
Keywords
ANT
ANT-undervisning
Lgr62
Lgr69
Lgr80
Lpo94
alkohol
narkotika
tobak
skola
Language
swe