Empowering resettled middle Eastern refugees: Exploring information and communication technology for social inclusion, agency and well-being.

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in facilitating the social inclusion of resettled Middle Eastern refugees in Sweden. Through a capability approach lens, the research delves into the ways in which refugees utilize ICTs to enhance their agency, self-reliance, and overall well-being within their new societal context. Theory: Drawing upon the capability approach theory, which emphasizes individuals' capabilities to achieve valuable functionings, this study examines how refugees' interaction with ICTs shapes their paths towards social inclusion through the use of their agency. This theory provides a comprehensive framework to interpret and understand the multifaceted impact of ICT usage among refugees by the theory's emphasis on individuals' agency and empowerment, which can ultimately affect their well being by utilizing the opportunities that they may be able to access. Method: This qualitative study employs semi-structured interviews to gather insights from 12 Middle Eastern refugees who have resettled in Sweden. Thematic network analysis is utilized to identify distinct functional categories that underscore refugees' multidimensional journeys towards social inclusion. The study focuses on capturing the perspectives of refugees. It sheds light on their experiences, challenges, and the role of ICTs in their social inclusion process. Results: The findings illuminate five distinct functional categories, each corresponding to specific capabilities that contribute to refugees' social inclusion. These categories include embracing the information society, learning and training journeys, emotional empowerment, building social networks in host community, and enhancing career success. The research highlights that the strategic use of ICTs enables refugees to navigate challenges, foster emotional resilience, and bridge distances. Moreover, the study underscores the significance of gender-sensitive interventions, where females exhibit a proactive approach to leveraging ICTs to enhance their social inclusion and well-being. The study underlines the pivotal role of information and communication technology in refugees' social inclusion journeys, emphasizing its transformative potential in enhancing refugees' agency, sense of belonging, and overall well-being. Through capability approach perspective, this research offers insights into how ICTs can empower refugees to actively participate in their host society, promoting their social inclusion and enriching the broader societal fabric.