DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Master’s Thesis: 30 higher education credits 
Programme: Master’s Programme in Political Science 
Date: 2021-05-25 
Supervisor: Frida Nilsson & Niklas Harring 
Words: 9160 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLIMATE CHANGE AND IDEOLOGY 
- Are climate change narratives affected by 
ideology? 
 
 
Erik Runge 
 
Abstract 
Media's framing can arguably affect how media consumers view causes, consequences, and solutions 
of different social issues such as climate change. Likewise, newspaper editorials have different ideas 
and approaches to climate change, which may be influenced by their ideological positions. This study 
aims to research if climate change narratives differ between editorials with different ideological 
tendencies. To achieve this, three Swedish newspapers where studied: Aftonbladet (“unattached 
social democratic”), Svenska Dagbladet (“unattached conservative”) and Dagens Nyheter 
(“unattached liberal”). A qualitative content analysis was performed on editorials in 2018 and 2019 
containing the word “klimatförändring*” (a truncation of the phrase “climate change”). The material 
was analyzed using a theoretical framework described by Norton and Hulme (2019) containing four 
different climate change narratives, Lukewarmer, Ecoactivist, Smart Growth Reformer and 
Ecomodernist. The following questions were posed in the study: Can the four narratives be found in 
Swedish editorials? Have the narratives of the individual newspapers changed during the chosen time 
period? Do these newspaper editorials express different climate change narratives depending on their 
ideology? The narratives can be found in the analyzed newspapers, however no major changes were 
discernable over the time periods. The type of narratives found in the editorials seem to correspond to 
its expressed ideological views.  
Keywords: Climate Change, Narratives, editorial, media, ideology 
 
  
Table of Contents 
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 
 Disposition ............................................................................................................... 2 
2. Previous Research ................................................................................................ 2 
 Climate Change and ideology.................................................................................. 3 
 Narratives ................................................................................................................. 4 
 Climate change and the media ................................................................................. 5 
2.3.1. Newspaper editorials ........................................................................................... 6 
3. Research Question ............................................................................................... 7 
4. Research Design .................................................................................................. 7 
 Country of study ...................................................................................................... 7 
 Search terms and time period .................................................................................. 8 
 Newspapers used in this study ............................................................................... 10 
 Analytical model.................................................................................................... 10 
5. Empirical data .................................................................................................... 13 
6. Analysis of empirical data ................................................................................. 16 
 Lukewarmer narrative ............................................................................................ 16 
 Eco-activist narrative ............................................................................................. 18 
 Smart Growth Reformer Narrative ........................................................................ 20 
 Ecomodernist narrative .......................................................................................... 23 
7. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 25 
8. Discussion .......................................................................................................... 27 
9. Appendix ............................................................................................................ 28 
 Appendix 1 – Eco-linguistic breakdown of the narratives .................................... 28 
 Appendix 2 – Source material ............................................................................... 30 
10. References .......................................................................................................... 40 
 
 
 
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1. Introduction 
Climate change is by no means a new concept: in 1965 a report by the President’s Science 
Advisory Committee in the US acknowledged that human activities could affect the climate 
(Ungar, 1992, p. 488). Despite being known about for several decades, and the overwhelming 
scientific consensus that anthropogenic climate change (meaning the climate is affected by 
human activities) is real, a question is raised what should be done to mitigate and adapt to 
climate change.  
Climate change is an issue that concerns a lot of people. For example, in Sweden 2019 marked 
the first year when the Swedish population was more worried about climate change and 
environmental degradation than military conflict, war, and terrorism (Många ändrar sina vanor 
för att rädda miljön, 2020). During 2018 and 2019, the climate activist Greta Thunberg started 
protesting outside the Swedish parliament, arguing that to little is done regarding climate change. 
This gained her and this issue a lot of media coverage, both in Sweden and internationally. 
Coupled with this, Sweden experienced an unusually hot and dry summer, causing wild-fires and 
drought, which possibly could have increased the concern of climate change among the Swedish 
population.  
However, climate change is politicized subject and seems to have become increasingly so. In a 
study by Björn Rönnerstrand (2019, p. 328) statistics show that the worry among the Swedish 
population for climate change is higher among people who identify themselves as “clearly to the 
left” (an increase from 62 % in 2015 to 75 % in 2018) and “clearly on the right” (an increase 
from 29 % in 2015 to 32 % in 2018). Thus, the gap among the people clearly on the right and 
clearly on the left has increased significantly within just 3 years.  
The media arguably plays a role in informing and influencing peoples’ views on social issues 
including on the issue of climate change, which is a complex and contested issue. According to a 
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study conducted in 2020 people in Sweden consider newspapers as their most individually 
important source for climate change related news (Allmänhetens efterfrågan på information om 
klimatfrågor, 2020). However, newspaper in Sweden have ethical guidelines, which are in place 
to ensure accurate and nuanced reporting on issues (Publicitetsregler, 2020). However, these 
guidelines do not apply to editorial pages. Here, the “constraints of objectivity” of news 
discourse do not apply (Norton & Hulme, 2019, p. 116). Editorials could be described as a form 
of elite discourse since few people have the ability to express their views via national 
newspapers. Norton and Hulme (2019, p. 116) describe editorials as “conversations among 
society’s elite”. This gives these views a certain weight and also a large audience.  
With this ideological gap identified between peoples’ views on climate change with different 
ideological beliefs, it would be interesting to see how it is reflected in newspaper editorials. 
Furthermore, has editorials changed their views on climate change or not, since certain changes 
are seen in the public opinion? 
 Disposition 
Section 2 contains a background on the previous research of climate change and media framing 
and studies of narratives in the media. Section 3 will further explain the aim and the research 
question of this study. Section 4 presents the methodology, material, and the analytical 
framework. In Section 5 the empirical data will be presented, and in section 6 the empirical data 
is analyzed using the analytical framework. Based on the analysis in section 6 a conclusion will 
be presented in section 7. Section 8 discusses avenues for further research, which is followed by 
section 9 containing appendices and section 10 presents the sources used in this study. 
2. Previous Research 
Previously, what narratives editorials used to describe climate change has not received much 
scholarly attention. One exception is by Norton and Hulme (2019) with the article “Telling one 
story, or many? An ecolinguistic analysis of climate change stories in UK national newspaper 
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editorials”. They have studied how climate change narratives changed over time on the editorial 
pages on 5 large UK in 2001, 2007 and 2015. In the study the authors find that the type of 
climate change narratives present on UK’s leading editorial pages has largely shifted away from 
climate change skepticism, and that even more right-leaning editorial pages have become more 
accepting that climate change is caused by human activity and that it may pose a challenge to 
humans. The authors also conclude that the partisan divide on climate change between left- and 
right-leaning newspapers has decreased. This finding is interesting since it points to climate 
change being viewed as a problem that needs addressing reaching even more widespread 
political approval, albeit Daily Mail is still skeptical of the implications of climate change. 
As mentioned, editorials could be described as a form of elite discourse since few people have 
the ability to express their views via national newspapers. Norton and Hulme (2019, p. 116) 
describe editorials as “conversations among society’s elite” and a place where the “constraints of 
objectivity” of news discourse do not apply. The battle of ideas takes place in the newspaper's 
editorials, where the newspapers tries to convince their readers that their perspective is the best 
and most viable. This of course also applies to the issue of climate change, which is arguably a 
complex and contested issue. In order try to make issues understandable to the readers, editorials 
conceptualize topics in a way they understand the problem. Based on a perspective’s 
understanding, different cause(s), consequence(s), and solution(s) can be identified, Stamm et al 
(2000, p. 221) argues. 
 Climate Change and ideology 
Climate change skepticism and denial has been linked to right-wing populist / nationalist beliefs. 
In a study by Ralph Schroeder and Sebastian Stier (2021), the researchers found a correlation 
between right-wing populist beliefs and climate change denial; however the same correlation 
could not be found between left-wing populist beliefs and climate change denial. Similarly, 
researchers in both Norway and the US found a similar correlation between right-wing political 
beliefs and climate change denial (see Krange et al., 2019; McCright & Dunlap, 2011).  
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In another study from 2014, Kirsti Häkkinen and Nazar Akrami found that social dominance 
orientation (SDO) is more important in predicting climate change denial from a person than  
right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and a left-right political orientation (2014). Social 
dominance orientation is a person’s “predisposition to support group-based social hierarchies and 
intergroup dominance” (Häkkinen & Akrami, 2014, p. 62). When SDO is controlled for the 
effect of RWA disappears and while all these three variables are believed to influence 
environmental attitudes, the authors find that SDO is a most important of the three variables. 
The results of a study by Norton and Hulme (2019) shows the right-of-center newspapers are 
more likely to have a more skeptical view of climate change. More skeptical views on climate 
change have also been shown to correlate with conservative views in the United States 
(McCright & Dunlap, 2011). A study in Norway has come to a similar conclusion, and the 
authors conclude that “climate change denial in Norway seems to merge with broader patterns of 
right-wing nationalism” (Krange et al., 2019, p. 1). 
 Narratives 
The usefulness of narrative analysis lies in the possibility to study how a person or a group of 
people understands and portrays a theme or event. By analyzing narratives, it is possible for the 
researcher to start to understand what a certain storyteller thinks happened and why this is 
significant to the storyteller (Wong & Breheny, 2018, p. 246). The issue of climate change can 
be described in many ways, with different causes, consequences, and solutions as well as many 
different actors as villains, heroes, and victims of climate change. 
Narratives narrows down the number of possible policy-alternatives, for example by including 
some actors and excluding others from the narrative (Fløttum & Gjerstad, 2017, p. 2). The 
narration analysis is based on Vladimir Propp’s analyses of traditional fairy tales. Propp utilized 
this analysis to identify common traits in stories and for example common characters (Propp et 
al., 1984). However, this type of analysis has reached more widespread use within the political 
sciences field and has been used for studying how the media portray current topics such as 
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immigration, gender, and climate change (see for example Burroughs, 2015; Sjoberg & 
Whooley, 2015; Stoddart & Smith, 2016).  
The concept of narratives and storytelling is closely related to discourse analysis. Discourse 
analysis is a way of studying social phenomena, such as texts, images, and video, but also 
paintings as well as real-life actions, such as demonstrations, theater performances and dialogues 
(What Is Discourse Analysis?, 2013, p. 54). Within political science and media studies, the 
concept of narratives has been used to analyze how different subject are portrayed by political 
actors and the media. The overarching idea of narratives is that the narratives (also commonly 
referred to as stories) people tell are significant in understanding how they view the world. These 
narratives can be used to express support or challenge ideas. Shanahan et al (2013, p. 457) 
describes a narrative as “policy stance or judgment of policy-related behavior + story character = 
policy narrative”. 
For example, Fløttum and Gjerstad (2013) has explored the narrative used by the South African 
government in a White Paper on how the South African government wants to act in response to 
climate change. Especially, the authors explore how the poor are described in the text. 
Interestingly, the authors find that the rights of the poor are hardly present in the text, whereas 
more often the interests of the poor are expressed as competing concerns against climate change 
mitigation. Also, the text represents the poor rather as helpless victims with need of government 
assistance and the government as the hero saving the poor from their dire situation, rather than 
depicting the poor as individuals capable of acting on their own accord.    
 Climate change and the media 
According to Stamm et al (2000, p. 220) the media “is at least partly responsible for focusing 
people's attention on environmental problems” but also notes that the level of public concern 
seems to have more to do with the amount of attention to the issue, “rather than the substantive 
content of news reports”. The authors also conceptualize the word “understanding” and break it 
down to three components: Causes, consequences, and solutions. 
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Olausson (2009, p. 422) argues that the news media has an important role “in the attribution of 
responsibility for both the creation and resolution of societal problems”. Similarly, Anderson 
(Anderson, 2009, p. 166) argues that the media's framing by “giving voice to some viewpoints 
while suppressing others”, while also recognizing that “the effects [of media on framing of 
issues] are complex and dynamic”. 
2.3.1. Newspaper editorials 
Editorials in the larger newspapers have a role to play in the public debate. Their goal is to try to 
shape the public debate. Unlike other news discourse, editorials are “free from objective 
constraints” as expressed by Norton and Hulme (2019, p. 116). Before the era when large parts 
of the population had access to the internet and social media, the power of the traditional 
newspapers and the editorials to shape public opinion was arguably even greater. However, even 
today traditional media plays an important role in shaping public opinion. Of the surveyed 
persons in Sweden 80 percent reads a digital newspaper, the same number for printed (paper) 
newspapers are 72 percent (Svenskarna och internet 2020, 2020). In another study 48 percent of 
the Swedish population preferred to get information on climate change from newspapers and 47 
percent by TV-programs. The share of people preferring search engines (like Google) and social 
media was 43 and 10 percent, respectively (Allmänhetens efterfrågan på information om 
klimatfrågor, 2020). That means that almost half of the questioned still preferred newspapers as 
their main source for information on climate change. This arguably shapes the discourse in social 
media forums, and their increasing online-presence with digital subscription models and sharing 
their own news articles on their respective Facebook- or Twitter-pages also help to shape public 
opinion.  
Editorials are also interesting because of their position of power; power over the discourse, what 
can and cannot be said (excluding concept or ideas from a narratives is referred to as “erasure” 
by Norton and Hulme (2019, p. 116)). They also reach a large audience and have a certain 
authority when speaking to the audience because of that.  
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3. Research Question 
This paper aims to research how climate change narratives in editorials have changed between 
2018 and 2019, in newspapers Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, and Svenska Dagbladet. This will 
be achieved by using a narrative-model based on a model described by Norton and Hulme (2019) 
focusing on the four different narratives. This model will aid in identifying how the different 
newspapers portray climate change, with possible causes, consequences, and solutions. 
This paper argues that the narratives on editorial pages reflect the political change these 
newspapers want to see in Sweden or in the world and wants to research if the narratives these 
newspaper express has changed and by that the political change they want to see in the world. 
This study will aim to answer the following question: 
• Can the four narratives (Lukewarmer, Ecoactivist, Smart Growth Reformer and 
Ecomodernist) by Norton and Hulme (2019) be found in Swedish newspapers? 
• Have the narratives the newspapers express changed from 2018 to 2019? 
• Do these newspaper editorials express different climate change narratives 
depending on their ideology? 
4. Research Design 
 Country of study 
The country of study is Sweden. The main reason for choosing Sweden as the case in this study, 
is that Greta Thunberg’s climate strikes originated in Sweden during the chosen time period 
(2018-2019), thus making Sweden a “hot-spot” for a possible change in narratives. According to 
Ronald Inglehart’s theory of post material values, Sweden is a country with large potential for 
post material values. Inglehart posits that in countries with a high material living standard some 
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people will start to place greater importance on non-material values, such as gender equality and 
care for the environment (Inglehart, 2015). This is also what can be seen in Sweden: a large 
emphasis is put on equality between the sexes, racial equality and issues pertaining to the 
environment. Along with the climate activist movement such as Fridays for Future as well as the 
hot and dry summer of 2018, post materialism is expected to lead to less narratives expressing 
skepticism towards the idea of climate change in 2019 than in 2018, compared to for example the 
UK (as previously studied by Norton and Hulme’s (2019)). In practice, this could manifest itself 
as the Lukewarmer narrative being less common in the latter time period. However, the 
ideological views of the newspapers are expected to influence what climate change narratives are 
expressed. For example, right-of-center editorials are expected to be more likely express 
skepticism of climate change which can be manifested by right-of-center editorials being more 
supportive of the Lukewarmer narrative.  
Also, the temporal distance between me (the author and researcher) and the texts are shorter than 
if I (a Swedish native) would read text from another country or context. This further makes 
Sweden a suitable case. 
 Search terms and time period  
The texts to be included in the study are editorials containing the phrase “klimatförändring*” 
(“climate change”). The reason for using this particular search term is due to the new 
understanding of the consequences of the greenhouse-effect: not only can it lead to higher global 
average temperatures, but also lower temperatures in some areas, as well as more rain or drought. 
The word “global warming” was more commonly used previously but now “climate change” is 
the more common term. Since the text material analyzed in this study is published between 2018 
and 2019, this warrant using the search term “klimatförändring*” (“climate change”) instead of 
“global uppvärmning” (“global warming”). 
It can be made clear however, that the number of news articles (also including TV-broadcasts) 
seem to have increased as indicated by the increased number of articles containing the word 
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“klimatförändring*” (the asterisk indicates a truncation) from the third quarter 2018 to the fourth 
quarter 2018. Since the second quarter 2020, the number has seen a large decline, most likely 
due to the media interest in the COVID-19 pandemic. The below graph is from “Mediearkivet 
Retriever”, a snapshot from 2020-10-30. 
 
The study will compare two time periods, where the first period analyzed ranges from January 
1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018 and the second period ranges from January 1st, 2019 to 31st 
December 2019. One reason for the chosen time period is the spike in climate change related 
news as mentioned above. Although this study will not try to research what led to the spike in 
climate change news in the Swedish media, the media interest in climate change is assumed to 
have at least partly been increased due to the prominence of Greta Thunberg, the Fridays for 
Future-movement (as well as other climate activist organizations such as Extinction Rebellion) 
as well as the extreme weather events of 2018 and 2019. This is expected to have led to an 
increased sense of urgency for the effects of climate change, which might manifest itself as 
decrease in the percentage of narratives containing the Lukewarmer narrative, and thus making 
other climate change narratives more prominent.  
The main reason for comparing two adjacent years (2018 and 2019) and not a longer time period 
is due to the rather intense reporting on climate change during these years. I want to see if this is 
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also reflected in how climate change is portrayed in editorials. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic 
hit and led to a rather steep decline in the interest in climate change. 
 Newspapers used in this study 
I have chosen some of the most circulated newspapers in Sweden while also considering the 
different ideological orientations on their editorial pages. Dagens Nyheter calls itself  
“unattached liberal”, Svenska Dagbladet calls itself  “unattached conservative” and Aftonbladet 
“unattached social democratic” (Ledare, 2017; Sundin, 2018; Wålsten, 2018). While these 
newspapers are not representative of the print media in Sweden as a whole, they do provide a 
strategic selection of some of the different views on climate change present in some of the most 
circulated newspapers in the media. The two former newspapers are daily newspapers whereas 
the latter is a daily evening newspaper. 
 Analytical model 
The tool to conduct the searches is “Mediearkivet Retriever”, a web service that indexes many 
different newspapers in Sweden and lets you search within them using certain phrases. The study 
will also use the websites of the individual newspapers (dn.se, svd.se and aftonbladet.se) for 
collecting empirical material. The editorials will be analyzed in chronological order, so that 
changes in framing over time will appear more clearly in the material. To achieve this, the 
material will be coded, categorized, and quantified in this study. These categories will be based 
on the model constructed by Norton and Hulme (2019) which includes four different narratives: 
Lukewarmer, Ecoactivist, Smart Growth Reformer and Ecomodernist. The three latter narratives 
are based on previous research by Nisbet (2014), but the Lukewarmer narratives in identified by 
Norton and Hulme (2019). Although Nisbet’s (2014) work was conducted on the Anglophone 
world, I do believe this model should be tested on other parts of the world, especially a nation 
like Sweden, also part of the developed world with a high standard of living.  
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The study will be based on a framework developed by Norton and Hulme (2019). The model can 
be seen below.
 
The texts will be read and analyzed to see if any of the content matches the codes of the 
narratives. If the editorials contain any climate change narrative the material will be coded into 
the coding chart, which categorizes each individual editorial into the corresponding narrative. 
The results will be presented with each narrative representing one sub-headline.  
The four narratives to be included in the study have constructed different ideas of how climate 
change operates, how it affects humans and nature, and how climate change should or should not 
be mitigated and adapted to. The narratives to be included in the study are the following: 
The Lukewarmer narrative: This narrative argues that climate change is indeed real and mostly 
man-made. However, the narrative does not believe that climate change poses an immediate and 
severe threat to humanity and the natural environment. Instead, Lukewarmers believe that a lot of 
the current efforts to mitigate climate change are either ineffective, expensive, or unnecessary or 
all of it. They believe that climate change mitigation depraves people in both the Global North 
and the Global South of benefits continued economic growth. Skepticism is also levied towards 
the scientific community, and much of climate science in particular is believed to be 
ideologically skewed and using bad scientific models.    
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The Eco-activist narrative: This narrative contends that climate change is man-made and poses 
an immediate and severe threat to humanity and natural world as we know it. The modern 
Western lifestyle, with consumerism, air travel, and fossil fuels is believed to threaten humanity. 
The solution is believed to be a radical change of our way of living and an economic system that 
is not built on, what eco-activists believe to be, an over-exploitation of natural resources such as 
freshwater and land. While renewable energy is favored, the eco-activist narrative believes that 
more needs to be done than just switching to renewable energy. 
The Smart Growth Reformer narrative: This narrative argues that climate change is real and 
man-made, but that it can be mitigated and adapted to using the basic mechanisms of the market 
economy, but “tweaking” it so that resources are used more sustainably. This would, according 
to Smart Growth Reformers, allow humanity to maintain economic growth and a growing living 
standard worldwide, without the negative consequences of climate change. This narrative does 
not believe that renewable energy alone can supply us with enough energy for us to maintain our 
lifestyle, and that nuclear energy is also needed.  
The Eco-modernist narrative: This narrative is optimistic about technology, human ingenuity, 
and believe that the modern lifestyle of “the West” can be optimized to become much more 
sustainable, and its benefits shared world-wide to lift people out of poverty and 
underdevelopment. The “optimization” can happen through technological breakthroughs, leading 
to less exploitation of natural resources. Like Smart Growth Reformers, Eco-modernist believes 
that nuclear energy is needed to supply humanity with enough energy (at least until viable 
alternatives are available), because renewable energy cannot supply us with sufficient energy. 
I will argue that narratives are inherently subjective, since they choose what information to 
include and to exclude from how a problem is described. This is also what makes narratives 
understandable: if information from every possible point of view would be included in 
explaining an issue, it would make it an incomprehensive explanation and thus not really an 
explanation at all.  
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5. Empirical data 
One search term was used, “klimatförändring*” (truncated version of “climate change”). This 
generated a search results out of which 128 editorials contained what could be considered 
climate change narratives.  
The analysis was conducted using mainly the ecolinguistic breakdowns of the different climate 
change narratives rather than the coding table provided by Norton & Hulme (2019) 1. The main 
reason for this is the more detailed nature of the ecolinguistic breakdown: the text in the coding 
table was too sparse to really aid in identifying the narratives in the editorials. The complexities 
of the narratives were better embodied in the ecolingiustic breakdown2.  
 
1 More detailed coding tables of the narratives can be found in the Appendix 1  
2 Eco-linguistics link human understanding of ecology and language. Language inspire and impact the ideas that 
affect human actions and interactions: actions that can then affect our natural environment, both now and in the 
future (Norton & Hulme, 2019, p. 115). 
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Overall, the eco-activist narrative was the most common narrative, but the ecomodernist 
narrative was almost as common. 
 
  
10%
35%
33%
22%
Narratives in the editorials
Lukewarmer
Ecoactivist
Ecomodernist
Smart Growth Reformer
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A diagram of the number of editorials containing climate change narratives are presented below.  
 
 Number of editorials containing climate change narrative 
Newspaper Period 1 (2018) Period 2 (2019) 
Aftonbladet 26 41 
Svenska Dagbladet 6 18 
Dagens Nyheter 24 13 
Total (n) 56 72 
 
The presence of the different climate change narratives divided by newspaper and by year is 
presented below. This will visualize what narratives are more common or less common in each 
newspaper.  
 
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
AB 2018 DN 2018 SvD 2018 AB 2019 DN 2019 SvD 2019
Climate narratives (%)
Lukewarmer Eco-activist Ecomodernist Smart Growth Reformer
 16 
 
6. Analysis of empirical data 
 Lukewarmer narrative 
This narrative appeared almost exclusively in Svenska Dagbladet (SvD) and was about as 
common in 2019 as in 2018 and appeared in 40 % of the editorials by SvD in 2018 and 35% of 
the editorials in SvD during 2019. The narrative appeared four times overall in Dagens Nyheter 
and only once in Aftonbladet.  
The coverage of climate change on SvD’s editorial page is markedly different from that on 
Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. More critique is yielded towards the Paris agreement, stating 
for example that it is “expensive” and “inefficient”. This aligns with the code LWF3 in the 
narrative analysis. It is stated that even if the agreement is followed to a tee, it will not be even 
close to enough to keep the average temperature of rising with maximum 1,5 °C. Julia Wålsten 
writes in Svenska Dagbladet (2018): 
“[IPCC] expect this is only going to be enough for one percent of what is needed to reach the 
goal of a maximum 1,5 °C warming.”  
Furthermore, it is argued that the damage of too radical moves aimed to mitigate climate change 
risks creating more damage than actual climate change, especially in poor countries. For 
example, Bjørn Lomborg (2018) argues (aligning with the code LWF3) in SvD that by spending 
money on lowering greenhouse gas emission in rich countries like Sweden instead of spending 
them on poverty-reducing efforts like health care, lack of infrastructure, and malnutrition, we are 
doing poor people a disservice: 
“Anders Wijkman [Bjorn Lomborg’s debate opponent] insists on helping her [a poor woman in 
the Global South] by reducing CO2 emissions a bit in Sweden, so that her family, if they survive, 
get it slightly less bad from the climate impact in a hundred years.” 
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Another argument in the Lukewarmer narrative is the importance of prosperity for adapting to 
and mitigating climate change. Here, too strict climate policies damage people´s lives and health. 
For example, overly high taxes on energy to limit emissions of carbon dioxide are linked to 
higher mortality caused by energy poverty in “rich countries”. This aligns with the code LWEB. 
Lomborg (2019) writes in SvD: 
“In the United States, the extraction of oil and gas has through so-called fracking has halved 
energy costs, making it easier for poor households to afford heating and saving on average 
11,000 lives per year. We thus risk more deaths through a policy that pushes up energy prices 
because of a supposed will to attack the already declining death toll due to heat.” 
Similarly, Lukewarmers argue that current climate change mitigation efforts threaten the 
economy and continued economic growth, which aligns with the codes LWIA and LWC3. 
Economic growth is described as a sort of “firewall” against the adverse effects caused by 
climate change. It is argued that a larger economy means that most people are better off 
economically, and thus have better opportunities to protect themselves from the effects of 
climate change. Catarina Kärkkäinen’s reply to Håkan Wirtén’s (2019) text in Svenska 
Dagbladet:  
“I maintain that the thought experiment of the ecological debt day [Earth Overshoot Day] is 
based on a model that is greatly simplified, and that continued growth and technological 
development will in any case be needed to solve problems from global warming and other 
threats. This also applies to the growth related to personal consumption.” 
Lomborg (2019) argues that the main solution is adaption to the heatwaves, rather than climate 
change mitigation effort. This is another common argument in the Lukewarmer narrative, and 
has been coded as LWEG and LWC2: 
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“If we worry about heat waves, the answer is mainly to invest in adaptation - in the form of such 
simple things as air conditioning for the vulnerable.” 
Another common argument in the Lukewarmer narrative is that while climate change is real, the 
consequences of it are at least uncertain or at most blown out of proportion by “zealous” activists 
and scientists, aligning with the codes LWF2 and LWM. Quoting Björn Lomborg, Janerik 
Larsson (2019) writes in SvD: 
“Climate change is real and needs to be addressed, but when we are asked to spend trillions of 
dollars on policies that would transform the global economy, we need to demand more than hype 
and spin.” 
“The UN have more important tasks than spreading false alarming reports.”  
These quote mimics the idea that climate scientists are biased and are spreading false or 
misleading information about the severity of climate change. The author also argues that the UN 
too often publish reports of with findings related to climate change of what believes to be 
dubious scientific quality. The skepticism against climate science aligns well with the code 
LWIS and LWF2.  
 Eco-activist narrative 
The Eco-activist narrative appeared most frequently in Aftonbladet, both in 2018 and 2019. In 
2018 it appeared in approximately 59 % of the editorials and in 2019 it appeared in 
approximately 45 % of the editorials. Dagens Nyheter’s editorials featured the narrative 
approximately a third of the time both in 2018 and 2019 (33 % in 2018 and 30 % in 2019). The 
narrative was almost non-existent in Svenska Dagbladet both in 2018 and 2019.  
 19 
 
One of fears in the Eco-activist narrative is the imminent catastrophe caused by climate change 
unless radical action is taken. This includes health and security for society worldwide. The 
worries include for example more extreme weather events and mass migration. This aligns with 
the code EAF1, which are expressed in an article by Susanne Kirkegaard (2018) in Aftonbladet 
which states: 
“The trend we see in the world is worrying. Extreme drought, heat and floods occur at a lower 
global temperature increase than previously expected. What we see now in Sweden and around 
the world is already happening at 1 degree [Celsius] of warming and is also striking more and 
more often in our part of the world, says Johan Rockström to Aftonbladet. In the past, climate 
change has mainly affected the world's poorer regions. Floods, extreme drought, and heat make 
people's former homes uninhabitable and difficult to cultivate. It is as if 14 Sweden would have 
to move.” 
In line with this narrative a heavy emphasis was placed on the severity of the threat of climate 
change and the importance of immediate and radical action. Likewise, lifestyle changes in 
Sweden are also believed to be important, mimicking the idea that humanity is destroying earth. 
The eco-activist narrative also takes a more skeptical approach to technological fixes to climate 
change. Instead, some practices such as “excessive” air transportation must be much more 
limited than today aligning the codes EAF2, EAEB, EAIC as well as the code EAE, which posits 
that certain part of our lifestyle must be sacrificed in order to save the planet. Daniel Swedin 
(2018) writes in Aftonbladet:  
“If we continue to fly as we do now - and believe that we will refuel all planes with biofuel - it 
will required that so much arable land is used for fuel that it will crowd out food production. Are 
famines really a price we are willing to pay for the ability to continue to fly as now?” 
“Sure, being optimistic about technology is great, but not to the point of stupidity in an issue that 
is utmost about the survival of the planet. We actually have to fly less.”  
 20 
 
Furthermore, the authors for Aftonbladet state that the government and the state also must take 
steps to slow down climate change, by introducing more regulation. The government is expected 
to take responsibility and not invest pension funds in coal-, gas- and oil-companies, thus setting a 
president and thus hopefully speeding up the transition away from fossil fuels. This aligns with 
the code EAEG. In one editorial Pernilla Ericson (2019) writes that: 
“So how can politicians provide hope? By stopping investing pension funds in coal-, oil- and 
gas-companies. Banning fossil fuel cars, and subsidizing electrical alternatives”  
In another example the ruling right of center coalition in Gothenburg is criticized for removing 
subsidies on public transportation, thus raising the cost of that type of travelling. Here, this is 
interpreted by the editorial as an action disincentivizing sustainable transportation, thus leading 
to more emissions from for example cars. This aligns with the code EAEG that we need to limit 
our carbon footprint. From an editorial from Persson (2019b) in Aftonbladet: 
“On Wednesday, the inhabitants of Gothenburg who bought a 30-day card for public transport 
within the municipality paid SEK 640. Today, the same card costs SEK 775, and the explanation 
for the shock [price] increase is simple: The ruling [right-of-center] alliance minority in the city 
has withdrawn municipal [economic] support. The effect of the decision will be that more people 
will take the car. That is how it works. In a city struggling with traffic problems and in a world 
fighting against climate change, it is so stupid it almost boggles the mind.”  
 Smart Growth Reformer Narrative 
This narrative was the most common in Dagens Nyheter in 2018 at 33 % and as common as the 
Eco-activist narrative in 2019 at 37%. The narrative was also common in Svenska Dagbladet 
both in 2018 and 2019 (33 %, 30 % respectively).  
 21 
 
The narrative is optimistic that change can be achieved and that a carbon neutral society is 
possible by 2050 and underlines the importance of a market economy to fight climate change, 
aligning with the code SGC3. Mattias Svensson (2018b) writes in Dagens Nyheter: 
“Much of the environmental politics that actually works comes from economists […] Therto 
comes the emphasis on institutions like property rights and markets, which rewards long term 
responsibility and constantly attempts to get more out of less and exhausting less resources. […] 
It is frighteningly common to denounce growth, capitalism and market economy and instead 
dream of some sort of green planned economy.”  
Here he contrasts the policies that in his words “actually work” and other policies that do not 
work. Likewise, the author argues that “[a] carbon tax, research and development and 
investments in cleaner technology are good policies given what we know about the climate 
threat” (Svensson, 2018b). This falls well in line with the Smart Growth Reformer narrative and 
the code SGEG and SGF1, where economic growth and capitalism are necessary components to 
mitigate climate change which needs to be tweaked for example with emission quotas and a 
carbon tax. 
Another characteristic of the Smart Growth Reformer narrative is the idea that overexploitation 
of natural resources is happening, and this is because the resources does not have an economic 
value on the market, or that their economic value is too low. This characteristic is coded as SGF2 
and SGIN. In an editorial by in Dagens Nyheter by Liby Troein (2018) describes the idea as 
following: 
” Sweden and other countries in the rich world must therefore make it economically profitable 
for poor countries to protect the tropical forests and waters that we also benefit from.” 
 22 
 
Another noteworthy detail in the same editorial is the concept of the rainforest as “binding 
carbon-dioxide” which makes use of metaphors common in the Smart Growth Reformer 
Narrative, where carbon emissions can be “offset” (or neutralized) by being “captured” by trees 
which work as a carbon sink. This aligns with the code SGM.  
Some common underlying themes can be found in the editorials in Dagens Nyheter: not 
surprisingly a rather liberal approach with focus on international cooperation and international 
trade is present in many of the editorials. The following editorial by Mattias Svensson (2018a) in 
Dagens Nyheter promotes the idea that business solutions in tandem with the state gives the 
ability to export solutions which plays a vital role in mitigating climate change. This idea are 
reflected in the following codes: SGIE, SGC2, SGF3. 
“Research and development are needed to develop more environmentally friendly technology, 
and when this is actually available it is good with free trade to spread it over the world. 
Contrary to this, EU and the US has imposed punitive duties on solar panels.”  
Svenska Dagbladet also featured editorials containing the Smart Growth Reformer narrative. One 
of the core ideas in this narrative is its overall positive outlook on the future and optimism 
towards market economy, economic growth, and innovation. This is highlighted in an editorial 
by Catarina Kärkkäinen (2019) together with the idea the resources are not as finite as some 
make them out to be. Resources that are today difficult and not profitable to access will be 
extracted in the future when these value of said resources has risen (due to relative scarcity). 
“There are [reserves of] resources that we have not yet discovered. There are [reserves of] 
resources that have not yet been financially defensible to extract, but that will be in the future. 
New ways of recycling are emerging. And we are constantly learning to produce what we need 
with smaller amounts of raw materials.” 
 23 
 
 Ecomodernist narrative 
This narrative was fairly common in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter both in 2018 and 2019. In 
Aftonbladet 41 % and 37 % and in Dagens Nyheter 29 % and 26 % in 2018 and 2019, 
respectively. In the case of Svenska Dagbladet, the narrative was only present in 8 % of the 
editorials in 2018 and in 5 % of the editorials 2019.  
A key component of the narrative is a humanist, progressive and technology-positive worldview. 
The importance of the freedom and modernity for all people worldwide is central. Most of the 
changes necessary to mitigate climate change is believed to be able to be enacted within the 
currently political and economic system. The future is believed to be built by nation states, 
international cooperation, activists, the media, and corporations alike. This excerpt from an 
unsigned editorial from Dagens Nyheter (“Endast demokratin kan rädda oss från 
klimatkatastrofen,” 2018) illustrate the narrative (mainly codes EMIH, EMIT and EMIP) well: 
”If we are to succeed in tackling the climate threat, it must be done through intergovernmental 
cooperation. And from this more realistic starting point, the arguments for democracy and free 
societies are even stronger […] Independent media has reported on the findings, even when they 
were uncomfortable in the halls of power. Civil society organizations and activists have shaped 
[public] opinion. It has not been easy in democratic societies to get the state to take climate 
change seriously and to act both at home and internationally.” 
The moral obligation of countries that has high carbon emissions through history to take the lead 
in lowering their carbon emissions as well as help to finance lowering emissions in poorer 
countries, is another idea central to the Ecomodernist narrative, especially within the codes 
EMIP and EMF2. An unsigned editorial (“Ett Möte Med En Mycket Grå Verklighet,” 2019) 
from 2019 Dagens Nyheter states:  
 24 
 
“...where countries that have become rich through historical emissions have a particular 
responsibility to take the lead with emission reductions and to finance emission reductions in 
poorer countries.” 
The Ecomodernist narrative is also present in Aftonbladet with an optimistic and future-oriented 
worldview, where humans have an opportunity to combat climate change through 
revolutionizing new technology, align with the codes EMIT and EMEG. Unlike the Eco-activist 
narrative, humanity should not “slow down” to combat climate change, rather it should set full 
speed ahead into the future. With the envisioned innovations, humanity goes towards a new and 
bright future, and the future is happening right now. The following quote (Persson, 2019a) from 
Aftonbladet points to the eco-modernist narrative’s trust in new technology’s possibilities 
contribute to a more sustainable world: 
“The Swedish steel industry is working on a method to completely exclude coal from the 
production. A pilot plant is currently being built in the old coal port in Luleå. If the project, 
which goes by the name Hybrit, succeeds, it means that a large part of the Swedish carbon 
dioxide emissions will disappear in the next few decades.” 
The contrast against the eco-activist narrative where humanity´s possibilities for even having a 
decent future are contingent on humanity´s ability to slow down their activities, is very stark. 
The following quote from Aftonbladet (Persson, 2019a) illustrates the optimistic and tech-
positive spirit of the eco-modernist narrative, as well as stressing the importance of government 
commitment to the issue of climate change aligning well with the code EMC3:  
“The [climate change] adaption creates new opportunities for industry, and Sweden's conditions 
for having a leading role are good. But it requires that we do the right things, not least 
politically.” 
 25 
 
7. Conclusion 
The quantity of editorials regarding climate has increased in Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet 
but not in Dagens Nyheter, comparing before and after January 1st, 2019. Dagens Nyheter wrote 
editorials quite frequently containing a Climate Change-narrative between January 1st, 2018 to 
December 31st, 2018 (n=24), and in 2019 the number of editorials on the subject decreased to 
13. The opposite trend can be seen with Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet, where the number 
increased from 26 to 41 (Aftonbladet) and 6 to 18 (Svenska Dagbladet) respectively. 
The eco-linguistic model used by Norton and Hulme (2019) was applicable to almost all of the 
material in this Swedish context and most of the codes was used in the coding. No large shifts in 
the type of narratives expressed happened in either of newspapers from 2018 to 2019. However, 
while the Lukewarmer narrative was present in some of the editorials (mostly by Svenska 
Dagbladet) none of the analyzed editorials presented the idea that climate change could be an 
overall benefit for the world (code LWF1). This is the idea that higher temperature and more 
perspiration (rain) could yield more crops, because of longer growing season and more land 
being arable. This is maybe an indication that the acceptance of climate change as a threat is 
more widespread on Swedish editorial pages than in the United Kingdom’s counterparts.  
There seems to be a connection between ideological orientation of newspaper editorials and the 
climate change narratives expressed. This includes how severe the issue of climate change is 
perceived and what possible solutions that are suggested to mitigate and adapt to climate change. 
As discussed previously in the study there seems to be a political divide in the opinions 
expressed in the editorials: the more right-leaning editorial page of Svenska Dagbladet are 
overall skeptical of more radical efforts to mitigate climate change. These efforts are frequently 
described as counterproductive, ineffective, or overly expensive. The narratives presented in the 
editorials seems to reflect ideological views. The more conservative of the researched 
newspapers, Svenska Dagbladet, did express more views in line with the Lukewarmer narrative. 
 26 
 
This is not so surprising considering that this narrative is supportive of common conservative 
views such as smaller state spending, capitalism, and economic growth, and is skeptic of state 
interference. Instead, less “ambitious” or radical answers to climate change are proposed, based 
on the research of Nobel Memorial Prize laureate in Economics William Nordhaus as well as the 
works by Danish economist Bjørn Lomborg. This aligns rather well with Norton and Hulme’s 
(2019) finds in the United Kingdom, where the Lukewarmer narrative was most common in 
right-wing conservative newspaper editorials.  
The relative commonality of the Eco-activist narrative in Aftonbladet’s is not surprising 
considering it aligns well with Norton and Hulme’s (2019) findings related to the left-of-center 
newspaper The Guardian in the UK. Since large parts of the Eco-activist narrative critique 
capitalism, globalism, and economic growth and instead promotes values such as sharing 
benefits more equally, it is understandable that Aftonbladet is supportive of many of the 
measures related to the Eco-activist narrative. Not surprisingly coming from editorials, 
Aftonbladet sees climate change as an opportunity to prop up their own belief/ideology: they 
identify that equality, social democracy and climate change mitigation is intrinsically linked.  
The ideas within the Eco-activist narratives could be argued to challenge many of the ideas 
central to the conservative capitalist ideology as well as liberal capitalist ideology. For example, 
arguing that free market policies (a form of globalization) perpetuate exploitation of the 
environment across the world and that national policy networks are insufficient to face the threat 
of climate change, could be seen as a threat to both free trade agreements such as NAFTA, 
CETA and EU-Mercosur and a threat against the nation state. Especially if the suggested 
solutions are heavier taxation on emission as well carbon dioxide import duties, the latter has 
been suggested by for example the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen 
(Khan & Rachman, 2020). 
DN takes a moderate position in between Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet. Their opinions 
contain a large range of narratives, ranging from more radical Eco-activist narratives as they 
express concern over the pace and the activities (or rather the believed lack thereof) to mitigate 
 27 
 
climate change. However, this is balanced against more mainstream Eco-modernist narratives 
where economic growth and the market economy cannot be comprised in any greater degree. 
The narrative has appeal over a large part of the political spectrum because of its rather 
uncontroversial view of climate change. While it wants reforms done to combat climate change it 
is not a radical approach. Instead, reforms resembling those enacted in many parts of the world 
today are suggested. This makes the narrative largely digestible for liberals and social democrats. 
The aim of this study was to research if the narratives surrounding climate change had changed 
in the renewed and heightened interest of climate change in the media. To be sure, there seems to 
have been an increase in the number of instances where climate change is discussed in editorials.  
8. Discussion 
This study shows that climate change narratives differ between editorials with different 
ideological views. The interest in climate change also differed between different newspapers. An 
increase in the instance of climate change narratives could be seen in both Svenska Dagbladet 
and Aftonbladet, however not in Dagens Nyheter. Considering the largely mainstream views on 
climate change held by Dagens Nyheter, this might not be surprising since if their views are 
largely held in society the need to argue for these views is diminished. The views that are less 
mainstream in the political discourse, such as those held by Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet 
might have a greater need to be argued for.  
However, the number of editorials studied are rather small. For example, in 2018 only 6 
editorials in Svenska Dagbladet contained any significant climate change narratives, whereas the 
same number for Dagens Nyheter was 24. This can also be an indicator that certain newspapers 
are less concerned about climate change, and thus allocate less editorial space to argue their 
positions. Another possibility could be to include more search terms, this would arguably lead to 
more empirical material. However, the carefully selected search term has generated a 
considerable amount of material leading to a rather comprehensive study, nonetheless.   
 28 
 
Developments in future studies could also be the inclusion of more newspaper over a longer time 
period. This study covered less than a 2-year period, which is not a considerable amount of time 
since political opinions often change rather slowly. Norton and Hulme (2019) study, by 
comparison, “Telling one story, or many? An ecolinguistic analysis of climate change stories in 
UK national newspaper editorials” spawned a period of 17 years, with special attention paid to 3 
years. That study also covered 5 newspapers, thus reaching a larger audience. This study 
included newspapers with different political leanings, but a study using more newspapers would 
make it possible to draw conclusions regarding the Swedish media landscape as a whole. 
Also, in future studies other platforms than editorials should be studied, since there is a risk that 
editorials are mostly read by people already agreeing with its contents, thus forming a kind of 
selection bias. Since other sources than editorial pages have an ability to influence public 
opinion, future studies could also include tv broadcasts, “infotainment show”, as well as posts on 
social media. The social media influence arguably also works different and has larger possibility 
to spread disinformation (or “fake news”), since it is next to impossible for social media 
platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube to check all the content uploaded to their 
platform at any given moment. This merits more attention from social scientists.     
9. Appendix 
 Appendix 1 – Eco-linguistic breakdown of the narratives 
  
 29 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 Appendix 2 – Source material 
Aftonbladet 
Al-Dewany, Z. (2019a, March 1). Inte ens Monopol tror på kapitalismen längre. Aftonbladet, 
3. 
Al-Dewany, Z. (2019b, April 12). Den svenska högern på väg mot vansinne. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Carlsson, I. (2019, December 18). Ingvar Carlsson: ”SD måste mötas mycket 
hårdare”. Aftonbladet. https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/70Mprw 
Ericson, P. (2018a, October 6). Det är kört – vi kommer att dö. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Ericson, P. (2018b, October 31). Planeten ber oss att välja: Bus eller godis. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Ericson, P. (2018c, November 12). Högermännen försöker tysta Greta Thunberg. Aftonbladet, 
4. 
Ericson, P. (2019a, January 1). Greta Thunberg ber inte makthavarna om hjälp. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Ericson, P. (2019b, May 7). SD erbjuder tröst inför klimathotet. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Ericson, P. (2019c, May 19). Oljebolagen luras om klimatarbetet. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Ericson, P. (2019d, June 30). En liten svart prick kan välta hela livet. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Ericson, P. (2019e, September 29). När de försöker tysta Greta så gör hon rätt. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Ericson, P. (2019f, October 9). Greta vet att Kim Kardashian hycklar. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Ericson, P. (2019g, November 5). Historiskt svek att lämna Parisavtalet. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Ericson, P. (2019h, December 3). Thunberg kan klockan – men världens ledare då? 
Aftonbladet, 3. 
Ericson, P. (2019i, December 16). Ett mycket dystert ”Vad var det jag sa”. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Franchell, E. (2018a, February 25). Moderaten som sabbar Annie Lööfs miljöpolitik. 
Aftonbladet. https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/J1797J 
 31 
 
Franchell, E. (2018b, March 14). Folk som flyger borde skämmas. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/9mGJml 
Franchell, E. (2018c, April 19). Aktivisterna har fel—Alla behöver inte bli vego. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/ledare/a/XwB28n/aktivisterna-har-fel-alla-behover-inte-bli-
vego 
Franchell, E. (2019, September 5). Nä, nu struntar vi i Greta Thunberg. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Häyrynen, L. I. (2019, December 31). Vår sista tid är nu. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Kierkegaard, S. (2018a, July 9). Lövin är pinsam men nödvändig. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/8wk0aQ 
Kierkegaard, S. (2018b, August 12). Med grillstoppet insåg medelklassen allvaret. 
Aftonbladet, 3. 
Kierkegaard, S. (2018c, December 11). Trumps dårgäng skämmer ut sig på klimatmötet. 
Aftonbladet, 3. 
Kierkegaard, S. (2019, January 23). Greta läxar upp eliten i Davos. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Liedman, S.-E. (2019, August 15). Du måste vakna och ta ditt ansvar. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Lindberg, A. (2019a, January 16). På Folk och Försvar spelades en tragedi. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Lindberg, A. (2019b, April 21). Sveriges höger är ett miljöproblem. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Lindberg, A. (2019c, April 26). I EU-valet står M på fel sida av historien. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Lindberg, A. (2019d, May 24). Frans Timmerman ”Extremhögerns politik är alltid anti-
kvinnor” _ Aftonbladet.pdf. Aftonbladet. 
Lindberg, A. (2019e, May 24). Läs hela intervjun med Frans Timmermans. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Lindberg, A. (2019f, August 25). Klimatfrågan är nästa kulturkrig. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Lindberg, A. (2019g, December 1). Vår frihet handlar om bögarna på Eurovision. Aftonbladet, 
5. 
 32 
 
Lindberg, A. (2020, January 18). För att rädda försvaret måste skatterna höjas. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Persson, I. (2018a, July 28). Dags för klarspråk om klimatkrisen. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/7lA3Av 
Persson, I. (2018b, August 31). Kvällens debatt kan avgöra valet. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Persson, I. (2019a, February 5). Helgens snökaos är bara en början. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Persson, I. (2019b, May 28). Ullenhag tar upp kampen mot partiets SD-falang. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Persson, I. (2019c, May 30). Livets mångfald är skör som nyis. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Persson, I. (2019d, June 14). Industrisamhället är på väg tillbaka. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Persson, I. (2019e, June 30). MP kan bli det nya folkpartiet. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Persson, I. (2019f, July 21). Stålarbetarna i Luleå tänker rädda världen. Aftonbladet, 6. 
Persson, I. (2019g, August 19). Göteborgs styrande är ur takt med tiden. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Sima, J. (2018a, March 27). Annie Lööf fegar om flygskatten. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/a2pwL4 
Sima, J. (2018b, May 24). Behövs MP i svensk politik? Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/l10bRG 
Sima, J. (2018c, June 13). Din SUV hotar min flintastek. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/0E7eaJ 
Sima, J. (2018d, August 21). SD är ett hot mot klimatet. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Sima, J. (2019a, August 29). Greta Thunberg kan väcka Jair och Trump. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Sima, J. (2019b, September 23). Vings resenärer drabbas när larmklockorna ringer. 
Aftonbladet, 4. 
Sima, J. (2019c, September 27). Alla barn ska kunna prata som Greta kan. Aftonbladet, 4. 
Sima, J. (2019d, October 26). Greta kan välta jätten Facebook. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Suhonen, D. (2019, February 22). Det våras för socialismen! Aftonbladet, 3. 
 33 
 
Sundin, K. (2018a, May 28). Tågen måste gå för alla, inte bara Berlinmuppar. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/vmPd7l 
Sundin, K. (2018b, July 9). Båstads tennisbanor kan inte vattnas med skumpa. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/RxpAAJ 
Sundin, K. (2018c, July 12). Apokalypsen börjar med skönt sommarväder. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/kaOk3k 
Sundin, K. (2018d, July 17). Uppkäftiga grillare bryr sig inte om bränderna. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/ng738o 
Sundin, K. (2018e, July 20). Bränderna lockar fram den värsta sortens politiker. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/gPeavL 
Sundin, K. (2018f, July 25). SD:s klimatskeptiker är en fara för Sveriges skogar. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/dd9mkO 
Sundin, K. (2018g, July 31). Sverige blir ett U-land i värmen. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/wEjR8A 
Sundin, K. (2018h, August 2). Kom inte med dieseldunk när planeten brinner. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Swedin, D. (2018a, May 16). Eliten kommer inte att rädda klimatet. Aftonbladet. 
https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/21kvel 
Swedin, D. (2018b, August 22). Det miljövänliga flyget är en borgerlig fantasi. Aftonbladet, 8. 
Swedin, D. (2019a, April 24). Utan deltidsbrandmän brinner skogarna upp. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Swedin, D. (2019b, May 12). Det går inte att rädda ett EU som inte vill bli räddat. 
Aftonbladet, 3. 
Swedin, D. (2019c, July 26). De superrikas livsstil värmer upp planeten. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Swedin, D. (2019d, August 6). Köttfria kommuner räddar regnskogen. Aftonbladet, 3. 
Swedin, D. (2019e, September 17). Socialism för klimatets skull. Aftonbladet, 4. 
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Wennberg, J. (2020, January 3). Klimatkrisen borde skrämma kapitalister. Aftonbladet, 2. 
 
Dagens Nyheter 
Borgström, P. (2018, July 22). LRF replikerar på DNs ledare om klimatförändringarna. 
Dagens Nyheter. 
Det är inte gratis att rädda klimatet. (2018, November 2). Dagens Nyheter. 
Det borde inte vara lönsamt att bygga ut i Lysekil. (2019, June 11). Dagens Nyheter. 
Det ska inte vara frivilligt att klimatkompensera. (2019, October 13). Dagens Nyheter, 6. 
Endast demokratin kan rädda oss från klimatkatastrofen. (2018, December 23). Dagens 
Nyheter, 2. 
Ett möte med en mycket grå verklighet. (2019, December 2). Dagens Nyheter. 
Försäkringspremien stiger i takt med temperaturen. (2018, July 19). Dagens Nyheter. 
Fortsätt slipa EU:s vassaste klimatverktyg. (2019, May 23). Dagens Nyheter, 1. 
Gräset var inte grönare på den röda sidan. (2018, May 25). Dagens Nyheter, 1. 
Hansson, A. (2018, July 26). Apokalyps nu? Nej, men ta brandvarningarna på allvar. Dagens 
Nyheter, 1. 
Helmerson, E. (2018, September 11). Då skulle jag kanske rösta på Miljöpartiet. Dagens 
Nyheter. 
Henriksson, J. (2018, August 16). Dags ör MP att ta ut skilsmässa och börja leva ett liberalt 
liv. Dagens Nyheter, 3. 
Isarna smälter redan, nu får vi rädda det som räddas kan. (2018, August 2). Dagens Nyheter. 
Klimatarbetet försvåras när USA agerar läktarhuligan. (2018, November 29). Dagens Nyheter, 
3. 
Klimatförändringarna kräver kreativitet, inte idétorka. (2018, July 17). Dagens Nyheter, 2. 
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Kugelberg, E., & Magnusson, L. (2019, August 9). Sluta låtsas som att klimatkrisen är en 
fråga om höger och vänster. Dagens Nyheter, 1. 
Liby Troein, M. (2018a, August 29). Det är ett riskfyllt och närmast auktoritärt svar på den 
globala uppvärmningen. Dagens Nyheter. 
Liby Troein, M. (2018b, October 19). Amazonas i Bolsonaros skottglugg. Dagens Nyheter, 1. 
Liby Troein, M. (2018c, October 30). Sverige måste hjälpa till att betala för regnskogarna. 
Dagens Nyheter. 
Liby Troein, M. (2018d, November 19). Fortfarande för billigt att förorena. Dagens Nyheter, 
2. 
Liby Troein, M. (2019, June 4). En evig påminnelse om att också kineserna vill ha frihet. 
Dagens Nyheter, 3. 
Magnusson, L. (2018, April 12). Lisa Magnusson: Ett varmare klimat är inte det stora 
problemet. Dagens Nyheter, 2. 
Magnusson, L. (2019, July 25). Vi behöver anpassa oss till extremvädret. Dagens Nyheter. 
MP spelar rätt boll men är ändå inte på banan. (2018, July 19). Dagens Nyheter. 
Nerbrand, S. (n.d.). Ulf Kristersson, befäst inte rädslan genom att bekräfta den. Dagens 
Nyheter, 1. 
Nyheter, D. (2018, December 17). Ledare: De som nöjer sig nu har för låga förväntningar. 
Dagens Nyheter, 2. 
Orkanen Florence och klimatpolitiken. (2018, September 13). Dagens Nyheter. 
Sabroe, L. (2019, May 28). Per Svensson: Dansk Folkeparti och ”klimatgalningarna”. Dagens 
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Staten måste stärka katastrofberedskapen. (2019, February 10). Dagens Nyheter. 
Staten och kapitalet flyger vilse i Dalafjällen. (2019, December 25). Dagens Nyheter. 
 36 
 
Svensson, M. (2018a, August 1). Medvetna miljövänner borde få välja genmodifierat. Dagens 
Nyheter. 
Svensson, M. (2018b, October 8). Paul Romer och William Nordhaus läxar upp Donald 
Trump. Dagens Nyheter. 
Svensson, M. (2018c, October 10). Ekonomerna bryr sig visst om miljön, men inte till varje 
pris. Dagens Nyheter, 1. 
Svensson, M. (2019, November 7). Retoriken om klimatkatastrof är en retorisk katastrof. 
Dagens Nyheter. 
Svensson, P. (2018a, March 31). Därför var noshörningen Sudan den sista av sin sort. Dagens 
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Svensson, P. (2018b, August 5). Per Svensson om individualism, egocentricitet och 
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Svensson, P. (2018c, September 7). Per Svensson om SVT:s slutdebatt: Ett rasande 
teatersällskap. Dagens Nyheter. 
Svensson, P. (2019a, April 21). Robinson Crusoe retar sig på Greta Thunberg. Dagens 
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Svensson, P. (2019b, May 16). Inför klimathotet är vi surfaren sekunden innan vågen vinner. 
Dagens Nyheter, 3. 
Thegerström, N. (2018, August 22). Per Svensson: Att slippa mobiltäckning gör livet toppen. 
Dagens Nyheter, 3. 
Väljarna förtjänar tydligare besked om EU-politiken. (2019, April 26). Dagens Nyheter. 
Vi måste förbereda oss inför katastrofen. (2019, September 26). Dagens Nyheter. 
Wiklund, A. (2018, September 12). Osäker omvärld ställer höga krav på ny regering. Dagens 
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Wolodarski, P. (2019, April 28). Greta Thunberg ska tydligen göra läxan, inte träffa påven. 
Dagens Nyheter. 
 
Svenska Dagbladet 
Arvidsson, C. (2019, April 11). Kallare Arktis tinar upp relationerna med Putin. Svenska 
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Ehrenkrona, O. (2019, June 2). Är det frånvaro av samhällsrelevant forskning som förorsakat 
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Hanberg, F. J. (2019, August 17). Hög tid hantera hotfull megatrend. Svenska Dagbladet, 6. 
Hellquist, H. (2019, March 2). Hanna Hellquist: De förolämpade. Svenska Dagbladet, 3. 
Kärkkäinen, C. (2019a, July 30). Tankeexperimentet med den ekologiska skuldens dag är 
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Kärkkäinen, C. (2019b, December 28). ”Dragningen till totalitära idéer försvinner inte bara”. 
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Larsson, H. (2019, May 12). Egregorerna i den svenska Europa-valrörelsen. Svenska 
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Larsson, J. (2018a, January 11). Amerikanska oväder. Svenska Dagbladet. 
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Larsson, J. (2018b, September 5). Det behövs en annan miljörörelse. Svenska Dagbladet. 
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Larsson, J. (2019a, January 18). Janerik Larsson: Naturkatastrofer och klimatpolitik. Svenska 
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Larsson, J. (2019b, February 10). Elizabeth Warren gläder Trump. Svenska Dagbladet, 2. 
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Larsson, J. (2019c, April 1). Hur den lilla istiden ledde till marknadsekonomin. Svenska 
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Larsson, J. (2019d, April 29). Perspektiv på klimatväxlingar. Svenska Dagbladet, 2. 
Larsson, J. (2019e, May 31). FNs dubiösa larmrapporter. Svenska Dagbladet, 3. 
Larsson, J. (2019f, June 21). Texas eller Kalifornien—USA´s framtid. Svenska Dagbladet. 
Larsson, J. (2019g, August 7). Miljörörelsen granskad. Svenska Dagbladet, 2. 
Lifvendahl, T. (2019a, June 21). Midsommarblomster att lägga under kudden. Svenska 
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Lifvendahl, T. (2019d, December 31). Sverige som en plågsamnyårsrevy. Svenska Dagbladet, 
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Lomborg, B. (2018a, March 1). Det mänskliga priset för dyrare el. Svenska Dagbladet. 
Lomborg, B. (2018b, November 1). FN struntar i miljöekonomi. Svenska Dagbladet. 
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Lomborg, B. (2018c, November 9). Replikskifte mellan Anders Wijkman och Bjørn Lomborg. 
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Lomborg, B. (2019a, March 14). Smartare sätt att fixa klimatet än att skolstrejka. Svenska 
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Lomborg, B. (2019b, July 4). Grön energi är svaret på klimatfrågorna. Svenska Dagbladet, 3. 
Lomborg, B. (2019c, September 22). Polariseringen i debatten försvårar smarta lösningar. 
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Lomborg, B. (2019d, December 8). En rimlig medelväg bör vara målet i Madrid. Svenska 
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Lundahl, P. (2019, May 4). Lydia Wålsten: Socialdemokraterna är ett platt IKEA-paket. 
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Sandberg, F. (2018, December 13). Jesper Sandström: Klimatpanik leder till svagtänkta beslut. 
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Wirtén, H. (2019, August 7). Vi måste börja leva inom ramen för en planet. Svenska Dagbladet, 
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