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oai:gupea.ub.gu.se:2077/336942013-09-17T01:30:12Zcom_2077_17606com_2077_4716com_2077_10556col_2077_17607col_2077_10557

Bartoszek, Krzysztof 2013-09-16T06:44:07Z 2013-09-16T06:44:07Z 2013-09-16 978-91-628-8746-9 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/33694 Phylogenetic comparative methods are well established tools for using inter-species variation to analyse phenotypic evolution and adaptation. They are generally hampered, however, by predominantly univariate approaches and failure to include uncertainty and measurement error in the phylogeny as well as the measured traits. This thesis addresses all these three issues. First, by investigating the effects of correlated measurement errors on a phylogenetic regression. Second, by developing a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model combined with a maximum-likelihood estimation package in R. This model allows, uniquely, a direct way of testing adaptive coevolution. Third, accounting for the often substantial phylogenetic uncertainty in comparative studies requires an explicit model for the tree. Based on recently developed conditioned branching processes, with Brownian and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck evolution on top, expected species similarities are derived, together with phylogenetic confidence intervals for the optimal trait value. Finally, inspired by these developments, the phylogenetic framework is illustrated by an exploration of questions concerning “time since hybridization”, the distribution of which proves to be asymptotically exponential. eng Hansen T. F. & Bartoszek K. (2012). Interpreting the evolutionary regression: the interplay between observational and biological errors in phylogenetic comparative studies. Systematic Biology, 61(3):413-425.::doi::10.1093/sysbio/syr122 Bartoszek K., Pienaar J., Mostad P., Andersson S. & Hansen T. F. (2012). A phylogenetic comparative method for studying multivariate adaptation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 314:204-215.::doi::10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.08.005 Sagitov S. & Bartoszek K. (2012). Interspecies correlation for neutrally evolving traits. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 309:11-19.::doi::10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.06.008 Bartoszek K. & Sagitov S. Phylogenetic confidence intervals for the optimal trait value. (submitted) Bartoszek K. Quantifying the effects of anagenetic and cladogenetic evolution. (submitted) Bartoszek K., Jones G., Oxelman B. & Sagitov S. (2012). Time to a single hybridization event in a group of species with unknown ancestral history. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 322:1-6.::doi::10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.01.001 Adaptation Adaptation Birth-death process Branching diffusion Brownian motions Conditioned branching process Evolution General Linear Model Hybridization Macroevolution Measurement error Multivariate phylogenetic comparative method Optimality Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process Phyletic gradualism Phylogenetic inertia Phylogenetic uncertainty Punctuated equilibrium Yule tree Stochastic Models in Phylogenetic Comparative Methods: Analytical Properties and Parameter Estimation Text Doctoral thesis Doctor of Philosophy krzbar@chalmers.se bartoszekkj@gmail.com Göteborgs universitet. Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten Department of Mathematical Sciences ; Institutionen för matematiska vetenskaper Fredagen den 18 oktober 2013, kl. 13.15, Hörsal Pascal, Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers Tvärgata 3 2013-10-18 MNF open.access