Some Bosmina and Daphnia species have the ability to develop extreme morphological antipredator defences, such as long antennules, high carapaces and helmets. The relative sizes of these plastic traits may differ substantially ...

When whales die and sink to the sea-floor, they provide a sudden, enormous food supply to organisms in the vicinity. At first, larger mobile scavengers remove the flesh, but also when only the bones remain, the whale-fall ...

Aquaculture is a fast growing food-producing sector worldwide. This has increased the awareness among the public as well as governments of the need to secure the welfare and health of farmed fish. Atlantic salmon is, in ...

Many shorebird populations are rapidly declining and a high nest predation rate is one of the threats facing these populations. Thus, factors that affect predation and how to manage it in an effective way are receiving ...

Air pollution in the form of particles has considerable influence on human health and climate. Atmospheric aerosol particles arise from direct emissions of particles and from the conversion of certain gases to particles ...

Many animals such as fish and frogs have developed the ability to change colour of their skin to adapt to the environment or to signal to other individuals. This ability is due to specialised skin cells called melanophores. ...

Physiologically controlled photocytes, capable of producing bioluminescence, are a common feature in the ocean among animals ranging from cnidarians to fish. The aim of this thesis was to study and compare the nature of ...