Oceans are capable of storing part of the emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the formation of carbonic acid and subsequent dissociation. CO2 is also assimilated by biota and the inorganic carbon system is ...

Nitrogen (N) is a fundamental element for life, and limiting in many terrestrial ecosystems. In non-N-fertilized ecosystems, the N inputs can be low, and the nutrient availability for plants is determined by the internal ...

Climate change together with anthropogenic eutrophication have led to, and will lead to, shifts in a number of abiotic factors in the oceans, such as temperature, carbon dioxide [CO2], pH, oxygen saturation and salinity. ...

The three marine isopods of the genus Idotea: I. balthica, I. chelipes and I. granulosa have an important functional role as meso-grazers in the Baltic food web. These meso-grazers are key species in the Fucus belt and in ...

In boreal forests, the main factors limiting biomass production are the harsh climate, which combines a short growing season and low annual levels of incoming solar energy, and the limited availability of nitrogen. These ...

An effective road transportation system is a key enabler for national and global economic growth. In the wintertime, the presence of snow and ice on road surfaces reduces road surface friction and can result in serious ...

Ground-level ozone (O3) is a harmful air pollutant causing reduced crop yield and quality, reduced forest growth and negative effects on human health in large parts of the world. O3 is generally seen as a regional scale ...

Climate change will alter the hydrological cycle, potentially changing dynamic groundwater storage and increasing groundwater drought risk. Climate influences groundwater storage directly via changes in groundwater ...