The marginal seas have, despite their relatively small area, an important role in the global carboncycle. They are largely influenced by carbon and nutrient fluxes from land and a large part of the biological production ...

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is steadily increasing because of human activities such as fossil fuel burning. To understand how this is affecting the planet, several pieces of knowledge of the ...

The Baltic Sea has been severely affected by pollution and resource overexploitation during the last centuries. The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) is a good example of how a species can be affected by such changes. In the ...

Climate has always attracted considerable interest, and climate observations have been made in various ways for most of human history. Regional climate and how it varies is of particular interest, as it sets the scene for ...

Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea are dominated by diazotrophic cyanobacteria, i.e. Aphanizomenon sp. and Nodularia spumigena. The blooms coincide with a stable stratification and the organisms are concentrated to ...

Oceans are capable of storing part of the emitted anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the formation of carbonic acid and subsequent dissociation. CO2 is also assimilated by biota and the inorganic carbon system is ...

Marine sediments contain a large pool of nutrients, which if released would contribute to increased eutrophication, in spite of decreased nutrient loads from land and atmosphere. Resuspension is a process, which might ...

The phosphorus load to the oceans from land started to increase since around 1950 when man started to mine phosphorus-mineral from phosphorus-rich soils and bedrock. The increased use of phosphorus fertilizers in agriculture ...

The three marine isopods of the genus Idotea: I. balthica, I. chelipes and I. granulosa have an important functional role as meso-grazers in the Baltic food web. These meso-grazers are key species in the Fucus belt and in ...

Coastal and shelf systems are under increasing pressure from human activities. Many coastal systems currently suffer from excessive algae growth following increased nutrient input from land, a process called eutrophication. ...