Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are considered as the most important forms of synaptic plasticity involved in learning and memory. The traditional way to induce LTP and LTD is by electric ...

Neural stem and progenitor cells in the germinal regions of the adult brain, such as the hippocampus, are of great interest, because they provide the possibility for enhanced brain plasticity or can contribute to endogenous ...

Astrocytes are the most common cell type in mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin constitute intermediate filaments (known also as nanofilaments), a part of the ...

Short-term synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent regulation of synaptic efficacy that occurs in the timeframe of milliseconds to seconds, is a fundamental property of the synapse, mostly attributed to changes in ...

Synapses are highly plastic, i.e. they have the ability to change their signaling strength both in the short- and long-term (e.g. long-term potentiation - LTP) in response to specific patterns of activity. In the developing ...

Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors and is often associated with debilitating late effects, such as intellectual impairment. Areas in the brain harboring stem cells are particularly sensitive ...

The hippocampus is an area of active cell proliferation and neurogenesis within the adult mammalian brain. Adult neurogenesis is of great importance for the brain, since it increases neuroplasticity and the ability to ...

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in the Western world. Another important clinical condition is brain damage due to radiation therapy in cancer patients. This has neurological impairments ...

Biological processes involve changes at the protein level. Proteomics aims to determine protein changes from a normal state, to measure for instance recovery or disease progression. Mass spectrometry is the most important ...

Thyroid hormone (TH), which is secreted by the thyroid gland, exerts significant effects on the central nervous system (CNS), especially during development, so that delayed treatment of perinatal hypothyroidism results ...