Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science / Institutionen för kost- och idrottsvetenskap(2010-)
https://hdl.handle.net/2077/22407
2024-03-28T16:42:08ZStatistical advancements in analyzing accelerometer-measured physical activity intensity
https://hdl.handle.net/2077/78961
Statistical advancements in analyzing accelerometer-measured physical activity intensity
Fridolfsson, Jonatan
Physical activity (PA) is widely recognized as an important factor in preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases and reducing mortality. Yet, the health implications of specific PA intensities and the intricate role of fitness in the relationship between PA and health remain less clear. While accelerometers provide objective measurements of PA intensity, established methods for data processing and statistical analysis often underutilize this information. Recent advancements in accelerometer data processing and multivariate statistical methods promise enhanced detailed analyses of PA intensity. This doctoral thesis aimed to introduce and further develop multivariate statistical methods to analyze accelerometer-measured PA intensity.
Data previously collected from four separate studies were re-analyzed using improved accelerometer data processing methods and multivariate statistical approaches. Specifically, data from the LIV 2013, SCAPIS, I.Family, and Bunkeflo studies were included. The improved accelerometer data processing method employed a 10 Hz frequency filter, instead of the common 1.63 Hz filter, facilitating the capture of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA. All the multivariate statistical techniques employed were based on partial least squares regression (PLS). PLS was applied to explore the association between PA intensity and health. Extensions of the PLS model, including PLS discriminant analysis and PLS structural equation modeling, were used for group comparisons and mediation analysis, respectively.
The results highlight the importance of detailed analyses of PA intensity. Using a wider frequency filter in the processing of raw accelerometer data resulted in stronger associations with health indicators and allowed for a more detailed interpretation of PA intensity. The patterns of PA intensity relating to health were different for different health indicators and different groups. Fitness level determined the PA intensity required for associations with health and can be considered an indicator of sufficient PA for health benefits. Analysis of PA patterns using multivariate statistical methods captures more detail in the accelerometer data and enables studying the complex role of PA intensity in different study designs.
2023-12-08T00:00:00ZAtt vara förälder i ett nytt land. Doulors och kulturtolkars erfarenheter från möten med familjer i nordöstra Göteborg
https://hdl.handle.net/2077/79350
Att vara förälder i ett nytt land. Doulors och kulturtolkars erfarenheter från möten med familjer i nordöstra Göteborg
Berg, Christina; Magnusson, Maria
Vi vill i den här rapporten dela med oss av doulors och kulturtolkars beskrivning av vad som påverkar hälsan hos familjer som de möter i nordöstra Göteborg samt vad de har för förslag till förändring och stöttning. Den bygger på resultaten av ett forskningsprojekt kring deras erfarenheter och arbete vid föreningen Tidigt Föräldrastöd. Fokus i projektet har framför allt varit på vad som inverkar på hälsa och välmående bland barn och föräldrar i stort men vi har särskilt intresserat oss för kost och munhälsa.
Doulor hjälper kvinnor före, under och efter förlossningen medan kulturtolkar stöttar föräldrar, särskilt nyanlända, i deras föräldraskap och hjälper dem i kontakter med myndigheter. Kulturtolkarna och doulorna ger också kurser till föräldrar och blivande föräldrar samt stöd och information till personal inom exempelvis hälso- och sjukvård, folktandvård och socialtjänst. De som medverkat till den här rapporten har alltså unika kunskaper om familjers liv och hälsa i Göteborg Nordost.
Rapporten visar att familjernas livsvillkor och osäkerhet kan leda till att mammorna och papporna får svårt att klara sin föräldraroll. Det kan handla om otrygg miljö, bristande etablering på arbetsmarknaden och att pengar och tid inte räcker till. I ett nytt land kan man också känna osäkerhet kring normer och roller samt ha svårare att känna tillit. Många känner inte förtroende för myndigheter. Denna rädsla kan göra att man undviker att ta hjälp och stöd, exempelvis att ta barnen till tandläkaren. En del vågar inte heller lita på att maten är säker, vilket kanske hindrar en att köpa den mat som man själv vill äta eller servera familjen.
Doulor och kulturtolkar utför viktiga uppgifter som vägledare och brobyggare för familjer i ett nytt land och som stöd till myndigheter. Många myndigheter måste dock förbättra sitt sätt att kommunicera samt arbeta för att få ökat förtroende och bättre nå ut. Intentionen måste vara att främja delaktighet och inkludering samt motarbeta segregering.
Doulor och kulturtolkar i Göteborg Nordost är mycket engagerade i och stolta över sitt arbete. Den verksamhetsutveckling som de i första hand ser idag är att deras samverkan med experter inom olika områden skulle behöva öka. Det kan exempelvis vara ytterligare samarbete med experter inom kost, munhälsa, fysisk aktivitet och psykiatri. Arbetssituationen för doulor och kulturtolkar behöver också förbättras då deras arbete ofta är ansträngande och psykiskt påfrestande av många olika anledningar.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZSustainable inclusion without sustainability
https://hdl.handle.net/2077/74657
Sustainable inclusion without sustainability
Andersson, Åsa
In this PhD project, I put forward the importance of becoming more comfortable with the oscillating nature of wisdom in physical education, sport, and research. This is also what the word `without´ in the title `sustainable inclusion without sustainability´ implies. To open our activities for more knowledges than our own, to face interruptions, and to work on the edge of our knowledges in sustainable inclusive events. Thinking with Deleuze and a ten-second swimming event where Amira learns to float, I challenge the understanding of human being that often informs inclusive work in physical education, sports, and research. Namely, the Cartesian idea of the knowing subject. Within this approach, much research describes inclusive processes as various invitations to predetermined activities. The focus is on the excluded and their rights to participate, and to facilitate physical education, sports, and research so that people can participate. While offering some easily accessible methodological designs, they also provide us with a perspective of absence and that these activities are supposed to add health, wellbeing, knowledge, and credibility to peoples´ lives. And, this is good. What I suggest, however, is that such activities based on grand narratives and dogmas can just as easily exclude, and that sustainable inclusive activities may be dependent on the opposite, i.e., the possibility of not knowing what people need to be healthy, knowledgeable, and credible. In tune, the aim of this project is to shed light on other ways of understanding, relating to and creating inclusive processes. Including a process-ontology, this project suggests that the task of physical education, sports, and research is to create the future without falling into the trap of doing this in isolation. As I see it, we cannot escape collective creations of the future. We cannot evade those for whom our activities are a matter of concern. Experimenting on, and speculating about, what this immanent approach may do to qualitative case studies, research interests, ethics, qualities, educational organization, curricula, professionalism, and much more, I provide theoretical extensions that may be important to think with if we are serious about reaching more inclusive physical educations, sports, and research. I guess, non-sustainability is the other of sustainable inclusion, without which sustainable inclusion would not be what it is?
2023-02-28T00:00:00ZRunning-related injuries among recreational runners
https://hdl.handle.net/2077/67446
Running-related injuries among recreational runners
Jungmalm, Jonatan
Background. It is important for improving and maintaining general health to engage in regular physical activity. A major barrier to retain in regular physical activity is quitting because of an injury. In running, one of the most practiced leisure-time physical activities on a global scale, injuries are unfortunately common. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore questions related to how many, which types of and why do recreational runners sustain injuries. Specifically, how many runners sustain an injury over one year, and which are the most common anatomical locations of running-related injuries? More, are injuries more frequent in runners who have certain characteristics compared with runners having different characteristics? Finally, can exploring changes in training load help us understand why running-related injuries occur?
Methods. The dissertation builds on five papers, all based on data from a prospective cohort study named SPRING. Data were collected from 2016 to 2018. In addition, one paper (paper II) includes data from three other prospective cohort studies. One paper (paper I) is a study protocol presenting the design and methods. More than 200 injury-free male and female recreational runners between the ages of 18 to 55 years were recruited from the Gothenburg Half Marathon. The runners underwent a baseline examination consisting of tests for clinical/anthropometrical factors (such as range of motion, flexibility and trigger points), running style and isometric strength. Their training and injury status were then monitored for one year, or until the runners were injured or censored (leaving the study due to other reasons than injury). A sports medicine doctor diagnosed the runners with injuries. The 1-year follow-up included training data from more than 17 000 running sessions, from all participants.
How many injuries occur? We found a cumulative proportion of new running-related injuries among recreational runners to be 46% over one year. Across the four studies in paper II, the difference between cumulative incidence proportions calculated with and without censoring ranged between 4% and 22%. In the SPRING-study, the difference was 13%-points, increasing from 33% without censoring to 46% with censoring. The most common anatomical locations were the knee (accounted for 27% of all injuries) and the Achilles tendon/calf area (25% of all injuries).
Who sustains an injury? It was found that runners with a previous injury were almost twice as likely to sustain a running-related injury as runners with no previous injury (Hazard ratio= 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.2–3.2). Moreover, the results suggest no associations at all between excessive or restricted joint range of motion, excessive or restricted muscle flexibility or having painful trigger points, and running-related injury, meaning that none of these variables served as strong predictors for running-related injury. However, runners having late timing of maximal eversion or a low ratio between hip abductor strength and hip adductor strength (i.e. relatively weak hip abductors) sustained 17%-point (95%CI= 1–34) and 21%-point (95%CI= 1–40) more injuries, respectively, compared with runners in the corresponding reference groups.
Why does injury occur? The data presented in this dissertation could not reveal the answer to the question of why running-related injuries occur. Although no strong causal relationship between changes in training load and running-related injury was found, the attempt to move closer to causal conclusions is novel in the running-related injury literature. Future studies will need thousands of more runners, and injuries, to reveal potential causal relationships.
Disputationen sker på engelska.
2021-03-26T00:00:00Z